Fw: One sixth

=== Cut === Zolotov's column One sixth Author: Evgeny Zolotov Published July 21, 2004 This year the world celebrates the thirtieth anniversary of one of the most important and popular developments in information technology: in 1974, two young American scientists, Vinton Surf and Robert Kahn, who then worked at the Agency for Advanced Study DARPA, published the first work devoted to the IP and TCP. Coming to replace NCP, an ancient development used in ARPAnet in its early years and incapable of scaling “up”, TCP/IP pair by the end of the 70s. received the status of preferred technology, and the day of full ARPAnet transition to TCP/IP (January 1, 1983) is considered the day birth of the Internet. It must be recognized that the development Surfa and his colleagues turned out to be extremely successful. In fact and today the global information network operates using the same the two most protocols (in particular, IP version 4 - IPv4) and principles and agreements related to them. But everything changes, and the old technology inevitably turns into an obstacle to further growth and improvement. This also happened with IP protocol, which confronted the world with the problem of exhaustion address space (IP address exhaustion). Its essence is known to most of those who follow the news.In the IPv4 protocol, the address fields (source node and destination node packages) each include only 32 bits. Therefore, theoretically, approximately 4.3 billion unique IP addresses can be assigned nodes Throughout the 80s and most of the 90s there was enough volume, but the dot-com boom and the accompanying technological leaps spurred developments. K At present, most experts seem to there is no doubt that the address space provided IPv4 protocol will be exhausted in the near future (according to various estimates) ten to twenty years. And it’s not only and not so much ordinary networkers who are to blame for this (although and they too: for example, in China, per one IP address today, in on average, there are two Internet users), how many various devices connected to the Internet. Many commentators jokingly call the impending era of total The "era of Internet refrigerators": technical evolution reduced the cost of connecting to the Network by orders of magnitude and made commercially viable implantation of web functionality into the most various household and industrial devices. Naturally, everyone Of these, you need your own unique IP address. Tension situations, the possibility of masking behind one the physical IP address of an entire local network of machines and devices,but, unfortunately, the potential of IPv4 is still very limited design and historical features. Service ceiling address space in IPv4 is much lower than theoretical: part address space is reserved, another is in use ineffective due to historically uneven distribution (IP- addresses are allocated in blocks and, for example, only one legendary MIT owns a disproportionately large chunk of 16 million addresses issued to him at the dawn of the Internet), and the allocated blocks addresses cannot be used completely due to the specifics processes of packet routing and network administration on lower level. At the meeting taking place these days in Malaysia board of ICANN (a non-profit corporation that regulates many aspects of the functioning of the Network), already familiar to you Vinton Surf estimated the number of IP addresses used at two-thirds of maximum possible 4.3 billion. Of course, theoretically, it is possible to change the address architecture Internet space, invented by pioneers in the late 70s: free up huge chunks of addresses reserved for the military needs, take away from institutions that played an important role in Internet design, unnecessary address blocks, etc. But since the features of the IPv4 protocol are already taken into account in countlessmany programs and devices, it is easier to expand the protocol itself, than changing agreements. There are several versions of the IP protocol, Most of them are experimental, but one of them is version 6 or IPv6 - intended precisely to replace its decrepit ancestor The main difference between IPv6 and IPv4, of course, is much wider address field: instead of 32 bits for writing addresses are allocated 128 bits. This raises the theoretical ceiling with four billion to trillion trillion unique addresses. However, IPv6 also includes a number of architectural improvements, facilitating network configuration, mobile connections and some other operations and functions. Despite the comparative unknown for a public far from technical aspects, IPv6 support is already included in much of the equipment and software available on the market. Popular operating systems (Windows XP and Linux) and network hardware (routers, etc.) from large manufacturers understand IPv6 and ready to work according to this protocol. Several manufacturers consumer electronics (among them Sony) were noted for their statements about intending to make all of its products with network functions compatible with IPv6 within the next year or two. In a number of countries regional Internet highways are functioning successfully,using IPv6 (6NET, Moonv6, CNGI, etc.), and governments China, Korea and Japan are going to establish their own regional "IPv6-backbone" - a kind of section of the World Wide Web, in which the sixth version of the IP protocol will become the main one. But all these projects until yesterday were something like the notorious "Internet-2" - a bold experiment, but nothing more that. Yesterday, at the already mentioned ICANN session, it was official announced the transfer of Internet root DNS servers to IPv6 support. This means that the vast majority Network users can now work with 128-bit IP addresses. To catch and eliminate all errors, as well as give time for all Internet providers who have not yet switched to IPv6, take this step, ICANN root servers will support IPv4 for another 20 years. After this period, the transition to a new the addressing scheme can be considered complete. Author: Evgeny Zolotov. Category: "Zolotov's Column". c Publishing House "Computerra", 1997-2004 === Cut === I wonder if in 20 years they will release a patch for Windows 98 to introduce IPv6 support? :)

Hello, Wladimir! July 22, 2004 (it was 10:26 pm then) Wladimir Bulchukey in his letter to All wrote: WB> I wonder if in 20 years they will release a patch for Windows 98 WB> to introduce IPv6 support? :) I think it's faster. Within 2-3 years. Shall we check? :) Vega/ex-Style Group. FIDO: 2:5030/1512 ZXNET: 500:812/19 E-mail: vega56@mail.ru ICQ: 144932679

Hello Vlad! 27 Jul 04 14:01, Vlad Sotnikov -> Wladimir Bulchukey: WB>> I wonder if in 20 years they will release a patch for Windows 98 WB>> to introduce IPv6 support? :) VS> I think it's faster. Within 2-3 years. Shall we check? :) Isn't support for 98 finished? Best regards, Eugene.

Hello Eugene! 28 Jul 04 17:10, Eugene Palenock -> Vlad Sotnikov: WB>>> I wonder if in 20 years they will release a patch for WB>>> Windows 98 to introduce IPv6 support? :) VS>> I think it's faster. Within 2-3 years. Shall we check? :) EP> Isn't support for 98 finished? I tried it via WindowsUpdate - it is supported. All patches similar to XP media are installed. Best regards, Alexey

Hello Eugene! 28 Jul 04, 17:10, Eugene Palenock wrote to Vlad Sotnikov on the topic "Fw: One sixth": WB>>> I wonder if in 20 years they will release a patch for Windows 98 WB>>> to introduce IPv6 support? :) VS>> I think it's faster. Within 2-3 years. Shall we check? :) EP> Isn't support for 98 finished? Extended at the request of workers... Happy connections. Roman.

Hello, Kirill! Sat, 31 Jul 04 at 00:28, Kirill Frolov -> Eugene Palenock: WB>>>> to introduce IPv6 support? :) VS>>> I think it's faster. Within 2-3 years. Shall we check? :) EP>> Isn’t support for 98 finished? KF> Microsoft announced some time ago that it was finished. Very KF> quickly came to their senses... Moreover, they even released a service pack for it, which fixed 56 errors, Multitask has been improved and small amenities and conveniences have been added. WBR, Jason. _/(ZX)/_ /*e-mail: jason2000(scary dog)yandex.ru ICQ: 62235830*/ /np:/ *silence*

Hello Valerij! 02 Aug 04 10:54, Valerij Kozhevnikoff -> Kirill Frolov: VK> Moreover, they even released a service pack for it, which fixed 56 VK> errors, improved multitask and added minor amenities and conveniences. Hmm. I saw something everywhere in the announcements of this service pack: that this is not an official thing, but a homemade product of some craftsmen. Someone made similar service packs of hotfixes for 2000 at one time... Best regards, Evgeniy.

Hello Eugene! Wed, 04 Aug 04 at 01:13, Eugene Palenock -> Valerij Kozhevnikoff: VK>> Moreover, they even released a service pack for it, which fixed 56 VK>> errors, improved multitask and added minor amenities and conveniences. EP> Hmm. I saw a note everywhere in the announcements of this service pack EP> that this is not an official thing, but a homemade product of some craftsmen. I made it MS, but I really hide it =) The primary information about it was from MS. WBR, Jason. _/(ZX)/_ /*e-mail: jason2000(scary dog)yandex.ru ICQ: 62235830*/ /np:/ *silence*

Hello Valerij! Wednesday 04 August 2004 09:33:22 Valerij Kozhevnikoff -> Eugene Palenock: VK>>> Moreover, they even released a service pack for it, in which VK>>> fixed 56 VK>>> errors, improved multitask and added minor amenities and VK>>> convenience. [disk error] VK> Made it MS, but hides it very much =) Primary information about VK> it was from VK> MS. Is there a version for Russian Windows? I came across only for Eng. [REAL ZX]