PODUST

*Hello, All!* The name podust, used in most of Russia, indicates The main feature of this fish is the position of the mouth, which is under strong prominent conical and cartilaginous nose, in which at first glance he is somewhat reminds us of the fish we already know, or raw fish. But podust is easily distinguished from vimba by its more blocky body, almost like a chub, with a straight mouth, small eyes and a short anus fin. In addition, the number of pharyngeal teeth (usually 6+6) is greater, and these teeth have a completely different shape and are much thicker; the lower lip is cartilaginous. The back of the podust is greenish-black, the sides and belly are shiny silver; all fins, with the exception of the blackish dorsal, are more or less reddish, and the tail, in addition, has a black border above and below. During spawning, especially in males, all colors become brighter at the corners of the mouth, on the gill cover and orange yellow spots are noticeable at the base of the pectoral fins; from the sides, starting from the eyes to the end of the tail, a dark stripe stretches, and on the scales in its In turn, black specks are formed, through which the podust takes quite original look. Moskvoretsky Podust, however, hardly changes at all in color and I didn’t notice any stripes or spots on it. The insides of the subust remarkable in that its ventral hymen is more or less dark blackthe color that appears most intense during spawning; hence, of course, the names black-bellied and black-belly originated, and based on this feature it can easily be distinguished from all other fish. In terms of size, the podust belongs to small fish and rarely reaches more than 1.2 kg in weight and over 44 cm in length, although in exceptional cases there are 1.5 kg pods; usually it is significantly less - about 400 g in weight and 30 cm in length. The habitat of this fish is almost all large rivers of Europe, with the exception of its northern parts. As far as we know, podust found in northern France, Belgium, Germany, Austria and Italy; in Russia the northern border of its distribution is probably the Western Dvina, where he may have crossed from the Berezina through the Lepel Canal and large tributaries Volga; in northern and northwestern Russia it is no longer found at all. B large rivers of the Caspian and Black Sea basins, Podust belongs to more or less ordinary fish, but, it seems, nowhere is caught in such masses, as in some areas of Germany and Switzerland. Most often, podust (probably other species _ Ch. variabilis (Now considered a subspecies of _ Chondrostoma nasus variabile Jakowlew _ Volga podust _ common in the Don and Volga basins (with Kamoy) and the Urals. In the basins of the Dniester, Bug and Dnieper, the Dnieperpodust _ Chondrostoma nasus nasus natio borysthenicus Berg.) occurs, apparently in the Kura and Terek and, probably, in the Dniester and Bug; according to evidence prof. Kessler, Podust is very numerous in the Dnieper rapids; he is in the Don, despite the fact that it is very common in the Donets, it is quite rare, and in the lower reaches “If it occurs in the Volga, it is extremely rare and probably does not reach the mouths. Very little is known about the way of life of Russian sub-dusts; foreign authors provide very fragmentary information about Western European sub-dusts, which, however, they are somewhat different from ours. Therefore, when describing life and fishing this fish I will be guided mainly by my own observations on the Moscow River. Podust in the Moscow River, as well as in the Oka, is one of the most ordinary fish, since in this respect it is inferior only to ide and roach, and then only in quieter and silty sections of the river; as for the chub, then Podust outnumbers him everywhere. Apparently, podust is more numerous in the middle and upper reaches of the river than in the lower reaches. In the tributaries of Moscow, it seems, is not found at all, although it does enter the estuaries. At least I haven't met him neither in Pakhra, nor in Desna, nor in Setun. It is also absent in the upper reaches of the Klyazma and its tributary _ Uche. In general, it seems to be found in European Russia only innavigable rivers that do not have permanent dams that impede it rise. Podust does not like standing water and almost always adheres to more or less less strong current, although it does not occur in our shallow and fast riffles as often as a chub. His favorite place is where the river ends and turns into a calmer and deeper current, where the wave is replaced by light whirlpools. Podust very rarely stays on a sandy, especially silty, bottom, and most often it occurs where there is cartilage or even a large stone, without avoiding also a clay bottom, especially if it is hard and ledges, generally uneven. The unevenness of the bottom is one of the main conditions for the presence of underwater, which is why makes it difficult to catch it with nets, as well as with a fishing rod. Moreover, he, like a minnow and burbot, mostly walks along the very bottom, touching it with its belly, although “melts,” that is, comes to the surface, almost as often as ide and dace. Hollow water finds the Moskvoretsky podust on the sandbanks, along with language; both of these fish do not go into the flood, but gradually rise up the river, sticking to the banks and weaker currents. Judging by some data, the rise Podusta begins under the ice and the assumption of some is very likely fishermen and hunters, that it comes from afar, many tens of kilometers away,even from Oka. There is no doubt that the “yield” of podust can be very large for years, for years is insignificant. The longer the water remains hollow without decreasing, the more it rises this fish. The turbidity and the desire to find a place convenient for spawning makes rise higher and higher until the river enters the banks, the water will not be cleared and at the same time warm weather favorable for spawning Podust in Moscow spawns several days later than ide, near the middle April, and more often at the end of this month. In 1890, which was unusually different in early spring, spawning, according to my observations, began on April 10, and in 1891 _ April 21. How long it lasts _ I don’t know, but hardly more than three days, and, it seems that all the eggs are spawned at the same time, and not in several stages. By At least the juveniles of the undergrowth, i.e., fingerlings, are distinguished by their evenness. Caviar issued b. h. on large stones, but not on particularly strong currents, also on stilts, almost in the same places that serve as spawning grounds for almost all Moskvoretsky fish. The main spawning sites in urban waters are near Kamenny bridge and Babyegorodskaya dam. Podusta caviar is whitish, quite large (about the size of a millet grain), several larger than those of ide, chub and roach, but still numerous. According to Bourne, eggs It happens from 50 to 100 thousand and we must assume that this number is close to the truth.Otherwise it would be difficult to explain the abundance of podust in some places. Vintage German the authors counted only 8000 eggs in a medium-sized (22 cm) podust, but It is most likely that this observation refers to a small stream species. Having spawned, the podust stays for some time in the spawning areas, where feeds partly on its own, but mainly on the eggs of other spawning fish later,_ chub, roach, gudgeon and maybe sheresper, which seems to Here, on the Moscow River, it rushes at the same time. Kyiv fishermen told prof. Kessler that Podust especially loves sheresper caviar in the spring constantly follows him, so if you manage to capture a few spawning asps, then there are always several of them podustov. In mid-May, the podust rolls down, but at this time Moskvoretsky (collapsible) dams may already be in place and fish willy-nilly come from above forced to choose the space between two dams as its summer residence. Podust does not dare to jump down from the dam, like chub, ide and pike perch, although it collects near the dam itself in large quantities. Here in the city area, almost all of the underdust is collected either between the dam and the mouth of the Neglinka, or slightly above the dam; below Neglinka, podust is rarely found and special fishing it does not happen with a fishing rod; near the Stone Bridge, above and below it, is held by a largerpartly only small, one-year and two-year-old fish. The main hangout of three- and four-year-old _ quite a deep place with a fair current, near the left bank Moskva River, above the so-called Sinichka River; but large podust willingly It stays almost under the dam itself, where a more even flow begins. Above the dam (Babyegorodskaya), a mass of undergrowth also gathers by summer, probably more than one hundred pounds, but since there are no further dams and they come across more often rocky places, then in general the undergrowths are more numerous here than below Babyegorodskaya Dam. Podust always keeps in more or less numerous flocks in several dozen, and more often several hundred pieces, mostly of the same age; He cannot stand other smaller fish and always drives them away. In low water, i.e. that is, when little water is released from the dam and the current is weak, the underwater scatters and walks in vain, mostly at depth; but as soon as the current intensifies, he comes out "on the stream" and stands here in rather thick rows. Above the town where there are no dams and the flow is smoother, the release of the podust “to the stream” depends more on time day than on the strength of the current, although the flood here has a great influence on the number of podusts rising "on the water". This is a purely diurnal fish that feeds mainly during the day. Main Its food in summer is algae, which grows on stones and piles; this algaeit very skillfully scrapes off the undergrowth with its cartilaginous lips. In the spring he destroys, as said, the eggs of other fish, mainly those that They spawn not in the grass, but on stones, cartilage, and piles. In this regard brings a lot of harm, since, like gudgeon and burbot, it eats mainly fertilized eggs, which are picked off from underwater objects. Other types of fish (except for loaches) they usually only pick up floating ones, mostly unfertilized eggs that would have died anyway. In addition to caviar, podust eats earthworms and dung worms in the spring, but from the middle or end of May the stomach it is constantly tightly stuffed with the same greenish mush as a roach, so it one of the most herbivorous fish. When numerous people walked along the Moscow River barges with bread, with grain of wheat, rye and oats, they had no less for the food value than seaweed; now all he gets here is oats from a horse feces that fall into the river in considerable quantities after each heavy rain. B the former time, when there were no Moskvoretsky dams and sluices, podust climbed to Moscow all year round and in the summer there were even more of them, since each the grain barge had its own flock of podusts who relentlessly followed it, attracted by the constant bait thrown out by water tanks. This bait consisted of soaked grain and the larvae of a large fly that laid eggs inraw flour, hay dust and other baroque rubbish, and called, for a very long time tail, "rats". In autumn, the podust moves to quieter and silty places, probably lack of plant food, and looks for bloodworms here in the mud, avoiding however, very deep and viscous silt and preferring silty sand and cartilage to it. In October, it almost never occurs in strong currents and stops coming out. on the rifts, and in November, when the river freezes, it winters in deep pits, from which it emerges only after a long thaw. Our main thing is Podust's winter hut is the same big hole near the Stone Bridge, up to 10-13 m deep depth. Podust is very strong, but at the same time quite simple and trusting fish. Its location is almost the same as that of the chub, but it less whimsical, less cautious and much more numerous, so that when In favorable conditions, you can catch more than a hundred podust. Like minnows These fish are very fond of turbidity, which attracts them from a great distance. Bathing in the river, you can often see how the undergrowths, and not small ones, come almost to the very legs Undoubtedly, in the turbidity they are looking for insect larvae dug out of sand or silt. Podusts feed relatively rarely on adult insects falling into the water; for the most part they melt in small places - shoals and riffles. Most oftenyou can see them on the surface during spawning and then in May and June, during bloodworm flight. In the first case, they, as they say, “break the eggs,” which, indeed, it must be understood in the literal sense of the word; in the second _ they melt, attracted by the abundance of those flying out of the water and falling into it pusher mosquitoes. In general, any fish comes to the surface only when can find insects here, and even during spawning it never melts aimlessly. The position of the mouth, somewhat reminiscent of the position of the mouth of a sterlet, causes the base to turn over when grasping something on the surface belly up, which is why its swim is easy to distinguish from the swim of other fish. Jumps out Podust rarely comes out of the water, but small podust often pops out in shallow places sticking out like a minnow. How does a daytime fish spend the night in the depths or goes to the shore, under the bushes, where it often falls into the marks and even baskets. In sunny weather with certain lighting from a steep river bank you can see how the podust stands in flocks, in long rows, touching the bottom on the stream. These flocks sometimes they are very dense and numerous. It's interesting to see how With speed, at the sight of a pike, the bushes scatter in all directions. What tricks and The predator does not resort to lateral movements, but it is probably quite rare for her Only the weak and sick can make money hereyami. Podust is quite sensitive to water spoilage, probably because the gudgeon does not leave the riffle along which any poisonous one is walking, dissolving in water, the waste of riverside factories and factories, and hiding behind stones. Almost every summer, in the heat of June, it floats along the The Moscow River has a lot of half-dead and sleepy underdust, which goes to prey kites and crows. Young podusts lead a slightly different lifestyle than adults. Juveniles appears here, on the Moscow River, around mid-May, but near the shore, near They are found only in small numbers on rafts of bathing houses and piers. The main mass of it stands all summer on the rifts, but not on the rapids, but rather on rocky shallows with a weak (in summer) current, and therefore densely overgrown famous grass - water pine, mulberry and other plants. Here the young of the year find shelter and abundant food, also almost exclusively vegetable, and grows very quickly, the faster the hotter the summer. In my opinion According to observations, by the end of summer, underyearlings of the podust reach a height (full measure) of up to 9, even, as, for example, in 1890, 13 cm. In September, the juveniles move to deep places and after frosts it is not found at all on rifts. Towards the end October even 18-centimeter fingerlings are caught. One-year-old podust is not exceeds this measure and weighs about 50-60 g in June, reaching a weight of200 g. The main mass of podust caught in the summer by Moskvoretsky fishermen, from 300 to 400 g,_ these are three-year-olds, which in late autumn sometimes eat up to 600 gram weight. The largest podusts, reaching a weight of 800 g, five years of age, while larger and older ones are found in the form of rare exceptions not because, of course, this fish does not live longer time, but because it is caught with nets and fishing rods until the age of five. A two-year-old podust is already capable of reproduction, but spawns somewhat later three-year-old and four-year-old. Podust has almost no commercial significance, partly because almost never found in significant quantities anywhere, partly because It stays in places that are inconvenient for seine fishing, and, moreover, at the very bottom. Similar ide and chub are more often caught by a hunter-fisherman with a fishing rod than to an industrial fisherman with gear. Podust fishing has many amateurs among metropolitan fishermen, although their number is at least five times less than the number of ide hunters bottom There are dozens of specialists in fishing for fish, catching it by the bucketful. two, no more. It depends on the fact that fishing for submouth, mostly during the day, it is much more difficult to catch dace, ide and even roach for the following reasons: its biting very false, requiring quick hooking; he is very strong, or rather, striking andoften breaks down, and finally requires plenty of bait. It's hard to catch without it and a dozen sub-dust, while dace on the rifts and roach in the calm (on greens), roach on a cork or on a blacksmith you can sometimes catch a fair amount quantity without any bait. Podust fishing is also attractive in the sense that it is mainly in this way is produced in the middle of summer, in the darkest time, when ide and other fish larger ones come across, one might say, by accident and you have to catch dace (on ant egg and maggot) and roach (for greens). Real fishing under the mouth begins at the end of May and even later; in early spring it comes across only by chance, while fishing for another fish, and you can’t catch much of it at that time, because, firstly, he is full (with the eggs of other fish), and secondly, he has not yet "established", i.e. did not gather in known places. In the second half April, soon after spawning, the podust sometimes takes well to the bottom when fishing ides, during the day and at dusk, but it is rarely found, because the nozzle (crawls) too big for his small mouth. If a flock comes across the bottom substov, then it will spoil a lot of blood for the fisherman with continuous biting. Bite the bait on the bottom is similar to the bite of dace; Podust also takes over, but more often completely pulls the crawler off the hook. Usually the bell will ring sharply,then the tip of the fishing rod begins to nod. This is the time to strike, not waiting for a pull, since the podust does not pull the nozzle towards itself, like an ide. However, only large sub-dusts are found, over 400 g, and therefore it is more prudent change the hooks to smaller ones (No. 6_7) and attach or dung, and also even better - stronger iron ore. Podust does not go far on the bottom fishing rod as quickly as on a float, partly because after spawning it is very weak, but more because he often swallows the bait and the hook is less likely to touch cartilaginous nose “grunt”, or “sniffer”, as the Moskvorets call it fishermen, and behind the lip or palate, why does the fish feel more pain and go walking, less resting and swaying than usual. Still, in the spring, both bottom and float fishing rods are used comes across by chance. Its special fishing begins in the Moscow River, when the ide fishing will completely end, on an ant’s egg, two weeks after how the Babyegorodskaya and Perervinskaya dams will be finally closed. By the end of May almost all of the podust is collected, as mentioned above, or below Babyegorodskaya the dam, or above it, and in very large flocks of several dozen pounds. There are actually two or three main summer camps within the capital: near the swim (a chain of tied logs across the river to delay rafts andbaths that fell off their anchors to avoid breaking the dam) above Babyegorodskaya dam, under the dam and above the swimming pool. A lot of sub-dust, but for the most part small, stands a little above and a little below the Stone Bridge, but further down Podust is rare in the flow and is almost never caught, although there is no doubt that every significant increase in water after the rains somewhat replenishes the thinned rows of capital's sub-dusts. Our fishing rod for fishing is almost no different from the fishing rod used for catching ide, dace and roach, during the day - on the current. Same thing very light 2_3.5-meter rod, 2_3-knee or, even better, one-piece yellow Japanese or dark pepper (which is more reliable) cane, 4-hair line of selected hair, more or less light sedge float, engulfed by fishing line only from below, corresponding load with additional pellet near the hook, the so-called podpasok, and hook No. 9_10. Some fishermen are of the opinion that for fishing under the mouth it is better to use more rigid rods and silk lines on the grounds that this makes it possible make a stronger cutting, which is necessary as if in order to plant hook into the cartilaginous nose of the fish. Experience, however, has convinced me that when used It is much more advisable to catch small hooks with very flexible fishing rods andtensile hair line, since under this condition, podust is much less likely jumps off the hook even if it is only slightly caught on the nose: flexibility fishing rod and the stretchability of the fishing line paralyzes the sudden movements of the caught fish. A silk fishing line, even the thinnest one, can, of course, be stronger than a four-stranded one, but it is only useful when fishing with larger hooks, which are really require a more energetic hook, or, conversely, when fishing with the smallest _ No. 11, 12, but with a coil. It is useful to resort to a coil only when a rather large podust takes very sluggishly and has to be caught with one bloodworms, one maggot, one egg, and therefore on the smallest hook. Moskvoretsky podusts do not reach such large sizes that the coil would be necessary, but occasionally, on fast riffles, without it on a small hook, even no. 10, it is quite difficult to catch podusta: out of ten caught on biri, nine off the hook. Since the podust is very bold and takes almost the boat itself, then what The shorter the fishing line and pole (at least 1.5 m), the better. However, the length fishing line and fishing rod are in some relation to the strength the current and depth of the place near the boat. It is most convenient to catch podust at a depth of about 1.5 m, but more often you have to fish for it here at a depth of 3 m. It has already been said above where it usuallyholds, and therefore becomes necessary (on a boat) where there is excitement and rapidity decrease and the depth immediately increases. The smoother and more correct it will be flow, the better, but, unfortunately, this happens very rarely and for the most part you have to stand in places with changeable and water-bearing currents. However, above the dam the current is very weak and quite smooth, but here you can fish with success only when the water is let in strongly, and even better - one or several “windows”, as a result of which not only upstream, but also bottom current. For good luck fishing, however, even below the dam you can count only when the water is not locked; when the current strength decreases the bite usually weakens, as the underwater that has come out “on the stream” diverges or, rather, returns to deep places (under the bathhouse). From the shore of the underdust no one catches it and it comes across here only by chance, but from rafts (and in previous times _ baroques) they fish for it quite successfully. A boat is necessary, but there is none the need to place it across the current, but more often it is more profitable to become along. At the same time, both the current and the hooking are more correct, and the “float” when the same length of fishing line can be longer. Podust begins to take in the summer from early morning, even before sunrise, but since you still have to lure him, then usually the strongest bite happens about two hours afterbefore the sun appears. By 11 o'clock the bite almost stops because by this time the fish are very full of bait. Bite again resumes from 2, 3 or even 4 o'clock, but, with rare exceptions, it starts in the evening it takes worse than in the morning of the same day, again because it can be very full After sunset, he stops taking earlier dace and roach, especially roach. In October, the podust persists in deeper places and there is almost no movement on the rifts. It turns out that at this time he takes almost the best during the day. The most essential part of fishing under the bait is feeding. Without It’s definitely not worth catching him with bait. This is the most fastidious and the fish is spoiled in this regard, for which, however, the excessive the greediness of some Moskvoretsky fishermen, who do not spare the “supply” and feeding fish. However, it is not enough to give up the bait, even in large quantities. quantity. It must be thrown into the proper place and, moreover, injure other anglers. Whoever stood first where he should and baited, he catches: all the dust from the immediate vicinity and from far below gathers around his boats and stubbornly ignores the bait thrown in abundance from the right, left and ahead. These unfortunate fishermen are doomed to be only witnesses to catching more a happy, or rather considerate, neighbor. The only way to bewith fish is to stand behind the last one and lure the fish to you with a more tasty one groundbait. Quite often it happens that even those sitting on the same boat catch only one, not so much because its float moves more correctly, but because its nozzle floats along the same stream with which the eroded bait Groundbait, as you know, is thrown during fishing or shortly before how does it differ from bait, the purpose of which is to accustom the fish to a certain place. But the bait is really only useful in still or still water, where bait, in turn, only brings harm. In addition, you must always have in view that the bait can almost always be used by an outsider, which, of course, is not included in the fisherman’s calculations. The most common groundbait we use is buckwheat. Jasha-kernel (whole grain), mixed with clay and sometimes flavored with hemp or linseed oil. But porridge is not good everywhere and not always, although there is no doubt that Podust loves this bait more than other fish. On a very weak or, conversely, on in strong currents, buckwheat porridge does not quite achieve its goal as bait, since in the first case it lies next to the boat, and in the second it is carried away very far away. In addition, when eating buckwheat porridge, you must also use the appropriate bait, namely: pieces of crawler, iron ore or dung worm,cut into porridge. You need to cook porridge skillfully, as it should be steep and crumbly so that the grains are separated from one another. Usually her While still hot, place on a sieve, pouring cold water over it. Because I'm porridge you have to cook it the day before and it takes quite a long time to cook, then for In case of emergency, it is very useful to have a supply of so-called “boiled” cereals, i.e. already cooked and then dried. Some Moskvoretsky fishermen deny the benefits of oiling porridge, but in my opinion, completely in vain. Oil will never spoil porridge according to the following three reasons: it gives a very strong smell, heard by fish from afar, it makes the nozzle is lighter and, finally, it undoubtedly has a rather strong laxative action, why a fish that has eaten its fill soon comes up to feed again. In addition, oil in clay is useful because in late autumn it makes it possible not to wash your hands after each throwing of bait, but only wipe with a rag or thick a towel, we note, by the way, is a necessary fishing accessory. Some add a few drops of some kind to hemp or linseed oil essential oil, mint, anise or some other. Most profitable use rhodium tree oil (oleum rhodii) because it is not so fast dries, and therefore “faster” than others. The benefits of these essential oils are subject to, however,some doubt, because both hemp and flaxseed oils are sufficient smelly on their own. Sometimes, for lack of simple butter on hand, I limited to adding 10-15 drops of essential oil to the porridge. The best bait for attracting undermouth from afar, even with weak flow,_ these are bran and ant eggs. Their inconvenience, though only at first pores, is that this bait first attracts a lot of small things, especially in the fall. But if you wait time, then sooner or later the approaching will drive away all the small fry. Bran and eggs are good because they cannot saturate the fish. From personal experience, I consider the best bait for subdust to be the same as for dace,_ large wheat bran, preferably fried, ant eggs fresh or even (in autumn) dry and pre-cooked with boiling water (they will be dry float); all this is mixed with clay: on the rapid - stronger, on the weak flow _ looser. Lately I have begun to prefer clay to cement. for bait, cottage cheese, crushed with liquid dough (wheat or rye); eggs and the bran is crushed with this mass, which in turn serves as an excellent bait, valid over long distances and not particularly filling if you put it in water in a fine mesh or in a tin with holes (the diameter of a pencil) and, moreover, at times with weakening of the bite. It should also be borne in mind that in Moscow it is oftenIt can be more difficult to get clay than flour and cottage cheese. The bait is ant eggs (fresh), less often maggots. When fishing with bloodworms, the bait is either bloodworms with litter, thrown behind the boat, or bloodworm mixed with clay (you can replace clay with cottage cheese with test). Bloodworms serve as groundbait only in late autumn, when porridge not very effective, but dace and roach are more suitable for bloodworms. Best throw, as when catching roach, clay pies filled with bloodworms over the the reason is that the filling comes out all at once and the small change standing by the boat does not have time intercept the entire bloodworm, which swims further and lures the fish standing much lower. In deep and fairly fast places, if there is a lot of dust here, it is very practical to use heavier bait, namely: steamed _ rye, barley or wheat, but best of all is pearl barley (i.e., torn barley), which is tastier and steams much faster in a samovar. With the first with bait they catch on wheat, but with pearl barley, mostly or on an ant egg, or a maggot, which, as they say, fall under her suit". As a last resort, you can put 2-3 pearl barley on the hook. Some throw grain bait without clay behind the boat, but this is only useful for moderate current and at the beginning of fishing. We do not use heavier baits. The bait should alwaysmore or less correspond to the force of the current and not at all remain in place, but slowly, with delays, swim further along the bottom; otherwise you can take risks either not lure the fish at all, or feed it. Light bait always more valid. That’s why on the Moscow River no one feeds pods with peas. and does not catch on steamed peas, as on the Oka, Dnieper, Sosna and other fast rivers. On the Dnieper, however, when fishing with peas, bran and porridge are also used as bait with clay. Peas are too rich food and there is no reason to throw them into the water. In addition, the Moskvoretsky podust is somewhat small for such a large bait. At the end of spring they are mostly caught using large ant eggs (pupae winged, sexual, individuals), planting 1_2 pieces per skin, so as not release "milk"; It is better to hook the hook across, and not behind the tip of the egg; because then the bite will be more certain. You need to choose fresh, white, “unseasoned” egg. Since already in June large ant eggs are found in anthills rarely between small pupae of ordinary worker ants, then they are accounted for select or sift on a sieve through which a small egg would slip, which goes for bait. It’s not worth catching podust with the latter and it’s more convenient plant maggots. Usually in the summer they fish for pieces of worms - “for porridge” measuring 1_1.2 cm, grabbing with a hook (No. 9) across; for this purpose everythingmore suitable is elastic and hard “iron ore”. With a sluggish bite it is already very useful dip the impaled piece of worm in rhodium or other essential oil, pure or with Provencal oil (per teaspoon of Provencal _ a few drops ethereal). This very effective drug should be on hand in a small wide-necked glass or tin. Podust is no less than roach and other herbivores fish are tempted in summer by sharp baits; They obviously get tired of bland food. It would not be superfluous to flavor steamed wheat in this way, which also makes up a good, albeit less durable, summer bait when fishing in deeper and fast places. It is better to plant one selected grain at a time. Rye stays on hook is worse than wheat, which is also rounder. For the nozzle you need to buy thin-skinned, largest wheat and, before steaming, soak it for 12 hours or the whole day. Almost no one fishes with crumpled bread for the reason that this the bait does not withstand even two re-throwings and in general for fishing “in the wire” almost unusable. For “greens”, i.e. filamentous algae, it is podust, although it takes but it is rarely caught, firstly, because for the most part they are caught on greens not with bottom, but almost at half-water, and secondly, for the reason that he takes in his mouth a strand of silky threads even more slowly than roach An excellent and extremely durable summer bait can bethe famous "rat". When fishing for fish from barges, it is positively irreplaceable _ for You can catch a dozen rats almost all day. Unfortunately, it is very difficult to get it difficult. Peas have already been mentioned above and they are not applicable here, but I’m quite successfully caught podust using green peas _ raw and dried, of course already soaked and steamed. Ehrenkreutz says that in Bavaria podusts are caught grapes, but this is very doubtful, although here in the rivers they are undoubtedly fished at the front sight on top. Our Moskvoretsky podust, as far as we know, is for a fly and the like If he takes insects, it is very rarely and by chance; at least I don't even I heard that it was caught when catching dace, chub and roach with a spank _ semi-fly fishing, with a light weight. Since September, fish have been fishing mainly for pieces, less often for bloodworms, who is very bothered by the grown-up little things - young-of-the-year dace, podustiki, chubs, roaches, minnows, and in still and deep water a young ruffe, so called "eyes" 4 cm, a lot _ 7 cm tall. In September the fish are generally biting weaker, perhaps because by this time they manage to catch all the fish. We must assume that in late autumn, in November, when Perervinskaya and all lower dams, a lot of podust comes to the urban area to spend the winter, since in at the beginning of winter he takes very well on fillies and bloodworms and, moreover, takes verybriskly, often dragging the fillies under the ice. In the middle of winter you come across some dust rarely. Apparently, his main winter camp in Moscow is the pit near Moskvoretsky bridge, but here he doesn’t take the nozzles, but the bare three-piece hooks _ self-destructively _ It comes across rarely, because it stands at the very bottom and is not as thick as the ruff. in spring before opening, at the end of February and beginning of March, the podust begins again We catch them with bloodworms, mainly during the thaw. According to Remezov, Podust in the river Samara also takes well in March (under the ice) in clear weather weather. Although the undermouth bite begins quite late in the morning, it is useful, namely It’s even necessary to go fishing while it’s still dark. To collect fish in a well-known place, you need at least an hour, sometimes more than three. Except Moreover, with an abundance of competitors and a small number of places convenient for fishing, you should not forget that here the reality of the saying is fully justified: “who earlier he stood up and took a stick (read fishing rod), and he became a corporal.” Having gained a foothold on chosen place, first of all, in the most careful way (using lead measurement _ lot) measure the depth of the water at the farthest possible distance from the boat down; if the bottom turns out to be very uneven, move the boat to the side, down or up. For the success of subdust fishing, it is necessary that at least 3 mfrom the boat there was almost the same depth, at least 1.25 cm, and so that further a little shallower, but not deeper. Large stones should be avoided, but the presence small ones are even necessary. The best thing to do is to get into a hollow, i.e., into an underwater a ditch where all kinds of fish hang out more readily. These hollows are where the underwater its paths are like fish paths; moreover, such gullies have a more even depth and flow. Only after making sure that the place has been chosen well or that it is the same one on which the podust was successfully caught earlier (useful for this do anything invisible to prying eyes, mostly underwater, notes), finally and firmly secure the boat so that it does not dangled. We usually lower two loads from the bow and stern (stones, rails, cast iron weights, etc.), but in