Category "IS-DOS - users" No.6
Part 2
music by Jaan
(C) V. Eliseev
_______________________________
This article focuses on how
to personalize your system IS-DOS on a specific model ZX
Spectrum-compatible PC and to perform your tasks.
It just so happened that a single model
ZX Spectrum computer in our country
never existed, and there is no
until now. Even the hard process of "natural selection" in the
so-called "market economy" has not helped to develop at least
some semblance of a standard for Spectrum hardware, shipped to
date, not to mention about the park machines in use
for several years.
To everyone's regret, a great variety of models,
Spectrum-compatible computers in our country raises serious
difficulties when writing software. After almost for each
computer must include its design features within the
application, since the system drivers in a standard operating
system, ZX Spectrum can not be used.
IS-DOS system partially solves this
serious problem for their application
programs. All programs use the IS-DOS
standard entry points for working with
peripherals, like external
(Eg, printer), and internal
(Keyboard, display, expanded
memory), so everything is possible differences between the
models' lead to a general denominator "with the device drivers.
The collection of all these drivers and their
settings, as well as some resident
programs and makes us an individual triple system. So, in order:
I. The choice of keyboard layouts.
To date, there are three
the most common variant
Pickup Russian characters on the keyboard
ZX Spectrum:
"Yaverty" - the oldest version, suitable for keyboards that do
not have pictures of Russian symbols, takkak the majority of
Russian letters is keys with similar in shape in Latin letters,
is now considered obsolete and not recommended for everyday use.
"QWERTY" - a more modern standard,
most just like the standard
layout, used in professional computer and typing. Because
small number of keys at the ZX Spectrum,
some seldom-used letters (b, x,
x, e, w, b) are not in their
the usual places, but the number keys and
invoked by pressing the SS + digit (instead of symbols! @ # $
etc. in Russian case), that creates some inconvenience. This
can be overcome by connecting Speccy keyboard from the IBM PC
XT with special controller, manufactured in
Currently, the firm Nemo. This controller is issued a special
driver, in which all Russian letters (both large
and small) are in place.
"Tsukeng" - a sort of "curiosity of nature,"
the result of bungling manufacturers of popular 58-key membrane
keyboard, on which the top number in the Russian character is
shifted left one character. These keyboards was released so
much the easiest way was napisatspetsialny driver that was done.
Keyboard driver tt_x +. Key can
serve all these three standards for
choice of one or another of them must be
only substitute the appropriate code table, the supplied driver.
All files related to the driver
keyboard, located in the directory
RESKEY basic kit IS-DOS.
Here are the main ones:
tt_x +. key - actually, the driver. This
file is rarely necessary
dim sum, as the driver
installed in the system
by default.
x + _ytsuke.tab - code table for the mill
Darth "QWERTY"
x + _tsuken.tab - same as for the "wrong"
Keyboard
, X + _yavert.tab - the same for the old standards
ta "yaverty"
x + _kay.tab - "complete" Russification
table for the controller
keyboard from the IBM PC XT,
r manufactured. Nemo.
x + _ *. bat - batch files for a
substitution of the
code tables driver.
ktest.com - program-code indicator
pressed.
menu.mnu - file USER MENU, let
schy choose one or another
code table.
Of course, you can each time after
boot cause this menu to set the desired layout, but
agree that this is quickly bored.
To avoid this tedious procedure, you can, again, in several
ways.
First, the easiest way - to write the contents of the
respective bat-file in the autoexec.bat, or, even simpler,
write in the same line autoexec.bat following form:
Q: SHELLexebat Q: RESKEYx + _ *. bat
where instead of "*" must be necessary
part of the name (QWERTY, yavert, etc.).
But, as often happens, the
simple way - by no means the shortest
(Or something I did not say so, but oh well)
In fact, it is not necessary
each time to rearrange code table
the driver enough to do it once
and consolidate the changes made in
file system.
To do this:
1. Download IS-DOS and select the desired
layout in the Russian character, running a
of bat-files (x + _ *. bat)
2. Go to the directory SERVICE, call monitor command line
(press "M"), type:
sv is
and press ENTER. As a result of this file
is_dos.sys system will be re-saved
to drive the necessary changes.
3. Run the batch file connect.bat
or type in a command line monitor
sequence of commands:
con is
boot
After that, your drive will default to always install the
selected s layout.
A small addition.
If you for some reason
satisfied that you have installed the driver
Keyboard (tt_x +. key) or you have installed an older driver -
do not try download it by clicking "ENTER", it is loaded, but
will not work ... To replace the keyboard driver to write a
bat-file to read:
GQ: RESset xxx.key / e
Q: RESset Q: RESKEYyyy.key / r
where xxx - name of the old, already loaded
driver, which you can learn posmotrevspisokdrayverov utilities
eliminat.com or show.com,
and yyy - the name of the new driver, you
want to install.
Do not try and recruit these
lines to monitor command line, so
as the first command will remove the keyboard driver, thus
denying you the possibility of enter a second team.
II. Selecting the printer driver.
Selecting the Printer Driver - The second important step in
customizing the system. In order to properly select the driver
you need to know:
1. Type of printer interface installed in your computer. Well
if it is one of the widely popular options, such as ZX LPRINT
III or Scorpion, then you will approach drivers
supplied with the system by default.
If you have a non-standard
interface (580VV55 or something like that), then you will need
specific driver for this interface. Such a driver you can write
to order or pick from a fairly large collection of Programme
Unit F. Iskrasoft, but for this you will need to inform some
technical information (address data ports and control signals,
especially signal processing STROBE and BUSY etc.).
2. The degree of compatibility for your printer
with the command system EPSON 9pin. Mostly, it affects the
printing of graphics, but may also manifest itself in the text
printing, if you use print management directives, or embedded
fonts Printer (NLQ, italic, Double Strike and
etc.). For example, the infamous D-100 printer (old versions)
fine print in text mode, but
has a non-standard command system for
graphics mode, with all the
consequences, and the printer SM-6337
not able to work with two of the eight known graphics modes
that can cause problems when running programs
LOTUS PRINT or PICASSO, using these
regimes. The most successful in terms of compatibility is a
printer MC-6313 (matrix, not to be confused with jet 6312!),
Supports all the commands EPSON and even something.
3. Encoding (code tables), supported by your printer. Also a
very important parameter. Most printers, produced (or adapted)
for use in Russia support the so-called. Alternative coding
Standard, but often occurs as primary coding Standard, KOI8
encoding, and some are already quite old printers (for example,
some Robotron'y) support the so-called. semibitny code, better
known as KOI7.
All of these code tables completely
coincide in the Latin alphabet and
differ only in the Russian character set
characters. Some printers support several different character
sets to choose from (Eg, MS-6313 eight of them), which
switch to switches or special software. IS-DOS system to date
supports the 10 most common encoding, we can also develop new
custom tables.
So how do you choose the single driver that you need? Much of
the information about the driver enclosed in his name. The name
of the driver file consists of two parts, separated by an
underscore "_". Left-hand side is responsible for encoding,
while the right denotes specific hardware implementation of the
interface. Encoding is determined by driver as follows:
Left Encoding driver
part
Name
e Alternative coding Standard
the full version.
s Alternative encoding without
pseudographics characters, all
frames in the text are replaced by
+, -, Etc. Special symbols
ly with codes # F0-FF are replaced
spaces.
M Basic Encoding Standard
the full version.
m main encoding without symbols
fishing pseudographics, characters
code # F0-FF are replaced
spaces.
m + main encoding without symbols
fishing pseudographics, characters
code # F0-FF printed without
conversion.
K8 encoding KOI8 full
option.
k8 encoding KOI8 without symbols
fishing pseudographics, characters
code # F0-FF are replaced
spaces.
K7 Semibitnaya encoding KOI7,
halves of the code tables
(RUS / LAT) switch after
sequence of commands
ESC "R" 1 and ESC "R" 0
k7 encoding KOI7, halved
code tables are switched
codes and # 0E # 0F
d The specific encoding for
Printer D-100M Mera Blonde
Set No 5, kotrorom Cody
mounting plate similar to Alterna
tively, but the Russian characters,
similar in shape to
Latin is not duplicated.
(In some perverted!)
Recently, at the special request of one of our users has been
developed code table for the printer with the so-called. "Code
Page 855, in which large and small Russian symbols arranged in
pairs and in a rather original order, so that if someone else
there is such a miracle - you can use it
in full.
The right half of the name, as has been
above, represents a particular type of
The computer-printer interface. By default, the system
delivered the following Drivers:
E * _scorp.lpr - set of drivers for
SCORPION 256 computers through the parallel interface type
CENTRONICS
E * _ir23.lpr - set of drivers for
Connection via a standard interface
Type ZX LPRINT III CENTRONICS, and these
drivers work even on truncated versions with missing ROM
interface.
Among the other most popular options are:
E * _kay.lpr - set of drivers for
Computer KAY 256 (connection via
Parallel processing of music with his original addressable).
E * _prof.lpr - set of drivers for
Computer PROFI (connection via parallel port on a chip with
580VV55A addresses # 3F (data), # 5F (control
signals) and # 7F (Register control word to initialize the port)
and many others ...
The package usually includes
ten drivers for all supported
Encoding options. If you have difficulty with the choice, we
can determine the desired You driver empirically by uploading
them on the queue and printing out some well-known Russian
text. The sequence of actions may be as follows:
1. Download the printer driver (open
subdirectory PRINTDRIVE, set on
driver name the cursor and press "ENTER")
2. Set the cursor on the name of a text file containing the
Russian text and cause the print program pressing "h".
3. Print text and view it.
If, instead of Russian letters you see unimaginable hodge-podge
of characters pseudographics or something similar, or Russian
letters will be clearly meaningless, quite unlike the source
code, or Russian words yuudut printed in Latin letters, the
driver You will not do.
4. Exit the program print (keys
SS + A) and run the program eliminat.com
(Press "e"). Remove set
printer driver, placing the cursor on it
name and clicking "ENTER".
5. Repeat steps. 1-4 for all drivers
until you find one you want.
Pay attention to Section 4 - before
loading the next driver MUST
remove the previous one, as the system responds to only one
driver (who was loaded before) of several established.
Now that you have chosen your one and only printer driver
You can, set it to keep the system command sv.com as described
above, and then the driver will always be at your disposal at
boot system, however, in order to save memory
We do not recommend this.
It is best to load the printer driver only if you need
something to print, as in some programs, such as Assembler, the
number of free memory is very important. Enter downloading the
printer driver in autoexec.bat:
GQ: RESset Q: PRINTDRIVE *. lpr
where * - the name of your driver, or simply
ship it by pressing the "ENTER" as any
another driver. Remove unnecessary driver
You can program the printer eliminat.com, and
also with the command:
et *. lpr / e
where * - the name of the driver installed.
III Installing RAM disk
Regarding this topic has already been published a whole article
in a previous issue, so we do not will be particularly subject,
we recall only that the following types of drivers:
ed_128.blk (04.10.94, 560 bytes) mill
dard driver for all
machines with 128K of RAM can be
used on any ZX
Spectrumdlyasozdaniya
RAM-disk size of not more than
80K.
ed128-.blk (24.04.95, 169 bytes) decreases
weighted version of the driver
Spectrum 128 and other small
tires with at least 128K.
ed_scorp.blk (04.10.94, 533 bytes) mill
dard driver for the computer
ters Scorpion and is compatible
Mykh with computers Pe
ters 256 and KAY 256. He used
uses 128K of memory does not
in the configuration
Spectrum 128, which allows
avoid conflict between
electronic drive and an additional
ditional buffer is copied
schikov.
edsco +. blk (02.09.94, 546 bytes) alter
native drayverdlya
computers that are compatible with
standard Scorpion. He used
uses all the memory above
48K and allows you to create
drive up to 208K. EU
naturally, want to turn off
of buffer copiers.
edsco-.blk (29.04.95, 195 bytes) decreases
weighted version of the driver
ed_sco +. blk
ed_profi.blk (01.11.93, 528 bytes) driver
for computers with Profi
RAM size up to 1MB. He used
uses only the memory, not
in the configuration
Spectrum 128, which allows
quietly enjoy the Buffet
rum copiers and gives
the ability to create a disc
up to 896K, 300
bytes exceeds the amount of disk space you're in
the IS-DOS!
edprof-.blk (20.06.95, 178 bytes) decreases
weighted driver for the Profi.
ed_atm.blk (30.09.94, 538 bytes) driver
RAM disk, the work
yuschy on one of the computers
ditch series ATM, in what
it is unfortunately still
could not be established in
Due to the diversity and
sufficiently widespread
The intensity of these computers
our city.
ed16.blk (27.06.93, 72 bytes), specially
exponentially driver for the computer
ters with "shadow RAM", pos
it possible to create a 16-kilo
byte ramdisk
comes with a tuner
ed16tune.com, which facilitate
PECULIARITIES configure address
port, including the shadow
page on the various models
fields of computers.
edkay.blk (02.08.96, 236 bytes) special
exponentially designed for
komppyuterov KAY, dorabo
culated up to 512K.
In addition, there are a number spetsialischirovannyh drivers,
such as: ed_3.blk Computer Amstrad, ed128rom.blk for
computers that are running IS-DOS, sewn in
ROM, ed128ram.blk for IS-DOS CHIC, etc.
All drivers ramdisk are located in the directory SERVICEBLK.
In some recent versions of all these drivers,
became possible interruption of operations with block devices
at the level of driver (by pressing BREAK), the names of these
drivers end in the letter b, for example:
ed123-b.blk, edkay-b.blk etc.
RAM disk driver can
also saved with the system using sv.com, but better care of the
free memory and write a bat-file. Details
can be found in the aforementioned article.
IV display drivers.
In respect of display drivers in the IS-DOS is not observed
such a wealth of choice, as in other fields, but it is not
surprising, whatever Organization paged memory, or printer
interface, the screen SPECCY - remains SPECCY screen with all
its virtues disabilities.
There are three display driver supplied with the system by
default, all of them are located in RESTYP:
t42.typ - a standard display driver,
installed by default, provides
video mode 42 characters per line with the matrix
6 * 8 points. Characters with codes less than # 20 did not
displayed, or displayed as "garbage" on the screen. File
wrapper IS-DOS Only works with 42 characters per page.
typ42_f.typ - alternativnyyvariant
Driver t42.typ, characterized in that
characters with codes less than # 20 have a graphic image, a
similar picture in the decoder IBM PC (faces, arrows, card
suits, etc.). This driver is conveniently used for debugging
their programs, print drivers, etc. The main drawback of it - a
relatively large size - 2270 bytes (a t42.typ -
only 1985).
ty64.typ - optional display driver, used only in the program
text view tv.com and a text editor. It is loaded into memory,
in addition kosnovnomu (t42.tyrili typ42_f.typ) and turn-off
special keys. Provides for
viewing and editing the video mode to 64 characters per line
with a matrix of 4 * 8 points. Do not try to use
this driver instead t42.typ, to anything
good it will not.
Additional display drivers can be loaded by standard methods:
either press "ENTER", or commands:
Q: RESset Q: RESTYPtyp42_f.typ
Q: RESset Q: RESTYPty64.typ
If you want to replace the standard
Driver t42.typ an extended, use imeyuschimisyavkomplekte
bat-files or write their own, as follows:
replacement t42.typ on typ42_f.typ:
Q: RESset t42.typ / e
Q: RESset Q: RESTYPtyp42_f.typ / r
for backward substitution, respectively:
Q: RESset typ42_f.typ / e
Q: RESset Q: RESTYPt42.typ / r
For the same reason that a driver
Keyboard is not recommended to recruit these
lines to monitor the command line,
This case is also recommended to use only bat-files.
Remove nenuzhnyydopolnitelny
Driver ditspleya possible with all of the
eliminat.com same program or a command:
Q: RESset xxx.typ / e
Be careful not to delete
inadvertently, and the main driver, if
eliminat.com not let you do that, then set in this respect,
more insidious, and typing the command line "blindly" -
not for the faint of heart.
V. Resident programs.
The system IS-DOS there is a standard set of resident programs
installed by default. However, it is not means that without
these programs, the system will refuse to work, moreover, in
some cases to free up memory space necessary to remove most of
the resident programs. So, by default,
installed:
calc.res - a program for automatic checksum when changing
file. This - the most important program
rent which is recommended only in
the most extreme cases. She recounts
checksum of files as they change (setting parameters, etc.) that
to avoid the mistake
Error 250 prizapuskeizmenennogo
com-file.
mkdir.res - program to create directories and subdirectories
for block devices. If you believe that you will not need to
create them, safely remove it, in a pinch, you can always use
for this purpose the program mkdir.com.
gmen.res - a program to use disk drives (system, fast and
current), if you do not need to reassign them - and remove it.
In this case you can easily reassign the device using internal
commands DOS:
L_S / x
L_Q / y
L_T / z
where x, y and z - the names of real disk
devices, or use the program gmen.com.
mon.res or mon +. res - in fact, monitor the command line. Work
without it quite difficult, however, in extreme cases, there is
again com-ovsky version called mon.com, though he does not
remember previously entered commands as a resident, and runs a
bit slower, but use is still possible.
date +3. res - pretty handy thing, displays on file panels line
with creation date of the current file and some other useful
information. Thing, Basically, the desired, but you can do.
Any of the resident programs can be
remove interactively using the program eliminat.com, and
komandnomkomandoy:
Q: RESset *. res / e
where * - the name of the residency program. Delete all
resident programs we can izkomandnoystrokikomandoy eliminat.com
with the key / r.
Restore the standard set of resident programs may be using a
special bat-file standart.bat, located in the directory RES
basic kit IS-DOS.
VI. Setting up the environment.
In addition to the configuration and selection of drivers,
there are several important points in the customizing the
system IS-DOS. Setting up the environment is basically a change
in cache size and size of system channels.
Cache size is changed by using a special tool, which did
called, cache.com. The new cache size
is given as a parameter when calling
utility from the command line, for example:
cache.com / 32
cache.com / 12
Remember that the cache size is not
may be less than 6 blocks, especially not
get carried away, the optimum cache size for
IS-DOS CLASSIC - 27-29 units for CHIC -
40-45. The current size of the cache can be
learn with the utility show.com.
Upon completion of the settings do not forget
preserve the system of command sv, as
has already been described above.
The second important point - adjust the size of system channels.
The size of this area is regulated by the utility channel.com.
New size of channels is given as a parameter in the command
line, for example:
channel / 1000
channel / 2000
The recommended size of the channels to work with a text editor
assembler, and other application programs 1000, for databases
and workstations need a larger size of the channels - 2000. The
minimum size of the channels, at which the system may still
exist - about 700 bytes, it is natural that database in this
configuration will not work. The current size of the area You
can find channels using the utility show.com. There you can
learn and the current number of vacant and occupied bytes of
channels to estimate the degree of efficiency of its
utilization and accurately select the optimal size for a
particular purpose.
VII Customize colors of the system.
Color Settings file shells
system IS-DOS in version 4.5 is much
simplified compared with earlier
versions. To adjust the color system
ispolzuetsyaspetsialnaya utility
atomiz +4. com, located in the directory
SERVICE basic disk IS-DOS.
This utitlita contains a color table color adjustment in
the standard unicolor, which she at the time of its launch
Buckle "to loaded into memory the operating system.
You can change these colors using the
Utilities unicolor.com, as in any other program IS-DOS. To do
this, set the cursor to the utilities atomiz +4. com and press
the "u", for which, as you know, fixed call program
unicolor.com.
Once you select and install the color you like (there are
must be 19), select from the list of flowers line labeled
IS-DOS, then you will be prompted to save the result to file
atomiz +4. com (It will be the cursor). If you
confident that correctly identified
color - boldly press "p" (PUT)
and your colors will be saved.
After this will only "pass"
color system, run (by pressing the "ENTER"
or komanlnoy line) the utility
atomiz +4.
Once again I remind you that, after setting the current version
of the operating system must save is_dos.sys file using the
program sv.com, typing a command prompt:
sv is
Actually, the name of the file system altogether
neobyazatelnodolzhnobyt is_dos.sys. On the contrary, will be
even more convenient If you leave the default file without
changes (just like that, just in case), and your customized
save the file with another name.
Name file system IS-DOS is
of two parts, separated by an underscore "_". The right side
(dos) and extension (sys) are standard and a change in any case
not be considered. The left part (from 1 to 4 characters) can
be any of the user. She somehow (this part) and as a parameter
when calling the utilities sv.com and con.com. Be careful with
names. If you want, for example, to keep the system under the
name "my_dos.sys", you should type in the command line:
sv my
and for connecting the system to dial in koandnoy line:
son my
Note that in both cases is typed, only the left (variable)
part of the name.
The disc can contain an unlimited anything (except the size
of the disk, of course) the number of files * _dos.sys, which
can save different versions of configure the system for various
types of tasks. These options can be changed directly by course
work, restarting them with Utilities isrld.com, as a parameter
which must specify the full name
required system file with the extension
For example:
Fisrld my_dos.sys
isrld work_dos.sys
PES always defaults will be loaded only one system file, which
is currently connected command con. If the system after a
reconnection command con not boot, try again to run program
boot.com.
For IS-DOS CHIC order to connect
system files is somewhat different from
"Classic" - mainly because of
the presence of two system files - to change (on behalf of
zs_dos.sys) and immutable (by name zs_dos.rom).
All of the above options (including the installation of
drivers and residents) produced in the first file, he also
saved the team sv.com as well as in IS-DOS CLASSIC, only has a
much smaller size (about 40 blocks, rather than
85-90 as a CLASSIC).
The same file is connected team
con in the usual way:
con zs
followed by a specific team, connected a second (non editable)
system file. This team looks sleuyuschim as follows:
boot T: T: SERVICEzs_dos.rom
where T: - the name of the drive on which you are connecting,
and the second parameter - name and path to the corresponding
system file.
Another very important for IS-DOS
CHIC time - to successfully create a bootable drives IS-DOS
CHIC completely necessary that the system disk area was created
in a special way. This due mainly to the large size of the boot
module IS-DOS CHIC. In order to fulfill this condition,
formatting diskaprogrammoy
format.com or create its program in create.com strokeparametrov
"Boot:" must be specified Chic. Otherwise
system will not boot.
Well, dear readers, it seems
and all the things we wanted to tell you
This short article. If you have any questions or suggestions,
call us on
245-90-11 (dob.721 or ask
Department of IS-DOS)
on weekdays from 11.00 to 16.00.
In the next issue we will tell you about individual
configure the various programs and utilities
included in the base komplektIS-DOS,
such as: copiers, viewer
text, a text editor program
Press and some others.
Waiting for your feedback on our publications, please contact
us, call us, come to our new office at:
1965 Forest Ave Bldg. 11
Department of IS-DOS
Till we meet again in the next room
Journal ZX FORMAT!
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