Assembler that we choose.
________
A couple of lines from the publisher.
Since then, both in our dear and beloved homeland appeared
Spectrum, have already passed still quite a long time. And,
quite Naturally, for many it turned out
Toys in the instrument of production of something
stimulating intellectual development
both producers and users.
Path of becoming an individual personality and programmer /
coder is very thorny and highly amenable to environmental
influences, namely consumer demand for this platform. And if you
not the first day using the Spectrum as a home computer, you
may notice that this is the demand varies from day. If a couple
of years ago, all were Need a new Tetris and bats, but today is
uniquely called prioretenoe direction is very difficult. As
shown life, our vendors, in contrast,
say, from our government, sensitive
respond to consumer demand (may
even be too sensitive). But, thank God,
the era of "Color Lines" and
"Dizzy-horseradish-znaetkakoy-by-number-and-all-understand-how
grafted-yes-and-not-Dizzy-do "kind of ended, and adventyury and
strategies, so viewed on all computer platforms, begin to
acquire human face, and more and more people are not willing
only play, but also to create. Here is when
replaced Dizzy-like distorted and it is
time system programs and programmers.
"A systematic program is needed kakya Creator most?" - FPIC
you me. I Traditionally, you do not answer. However, little
thought, again according to tradition You
guess what STE est assembler.
"But how many can?" - Zaropschete you.
"As much as you want!" - I will answer
You quote. Most assemblers, good
and different! There is a kind of axiom that says "how many
users, so many opinions" but I beg to differ with this
approval, at least in the area
assemblers for the Speccy. After studying
unbiased opinion on the
the subject of what should be the ideal
assembler, I can state with confidence
that the ideal assemblers should be
only about 5-10 pieces. And globally, they are divided into
42-ear and a 64-character ex. And therefore the verdict: Go for
it, and maybe you write an assembler that meets at least 1 / 10
part of the population using prog this type, looking, and maybe
you find your "dream idiot" named
"ProstoIdealnyyAssebler.
In this issue we publish two (2)
assembler: XAS and ZXAssm. Description of the first of these is
the principal of the article that the same with regards to the
second competitor for the title you know what, the statement
for its use lies in the application, the file "Read.Me.C", the
going just outside the by "ZXASM3.0". For reasons of
disk space we have not included in any
of the submitted package sts3.xx, and if you're going to use
them, then do not count them for work to finish on your hard
disk the correct version of the monitor.
Comments, suggestions, guidance, morality and simple thanks
can send both the author and the editors
ZF.
____________
Xas editor-assembler 128k
(V 5.05)
(C) Max Petrov
__________________________________________
I offer you a description of the latest version
programs in the magazine You will also see the previous one,
the difference is defined and marked with "*".
1. Background.
1.1 What is, why it is necessary and why.
Now, as is well known for our long-suffering, but dear
friend, there are several similar programs with the undisputed
leader Tasmom (there is some Zxasm, but I have not seen him).
However Tasm since its inception pushed some users (me) of its
64-character, and today even with the outdated its overnostyu
and a bouquet of glitches. Actually that's the whole reason for
the appearance of my program, thanks Rst 7.
Based on experience in Tasme on
and where to write the first version of the program, as well as
on their own dreams and wishes of the VL, IK, and AB, was such
thing:
- Assembling of 4.4 times faster
Tasm 3.x.
- Disc surgery is 2-3 times faster
with a large number of files on the dis
Kothe - up to 10-20 (!) times.
- Search text - almost instantly (with
Responsible 20-30 times (!)).
- The buffer to 1820 labels (* 1500) (tasm -
740).
- Editing the two texts simultaneously
simultaneously with the ability to transfer blocks
from one text to another.
- The text of the program in 1.79 times less
than the equivalent in tasm.
- The number of buttons that need to be
press to set the same
text 1.333 ... 1.5 times less.
- The amount of text that can be Otas
semblirovan without a single reference to
drive - a 2.23 times greater than
in tasm (!).
- The maximum amount of text in one
1.12 times more than in tasm.
- The time taken to search for the line with
holding a mistake that revealed
for assembly - 50 .. 1000
less;).
- Work with the half-ix and iy;
- The possibility of assembling a dedicated
On the site the n-th number of times (* - no);
- Macros that at any moment can be
edit;
- The big Russian, and large and small
letters;
- Modes ins and ovr;
- 42 characters per line;
- Save the current position in the text
for all operations;
- Avtotabulyatsiya;
- Load on the cursor, loading time and
record does not depend on the number of files
floppy disk (which can not be said about Tasme, to
tory for the disc with a 40-fi
lami just fall asleep);
- Called Xas [ksas];
- Lots of friendly, unexpected, new
things ...
Disadvantages:
- Do not merge; (but more than compensated by the WHO
sibility of transfer of labeled blocks
text from one window to another);
- There is no substitute for find;
- Labels up to 7 characters (other characters
for assembly are ignored)
(Tasm - up to 14);
- Defb does not like strings;
- Silly equ (in the expression should not
be uncertain labels);
1.2 Download and Run.
On the drive there are two files: and he xas
(Must be written immediately after it) sts
3.21. If you came from xasa in basic, then
back can perform run, if alive program in BASIC (the first
row can be removed), usr 23465, if you
do not touch the printer buffer addresses
23465-23471 or 49152 usr include Bank 1
(Out 32765,81).
1.3 A location in memory.
Ramtop set at address 24575,
but it can be rearranged in any address
to 32768. Xas is page 1 in
page 3 - the first text in the fourth - the second text in the
6-th macro, table tags and buffer to block transactions in the
7-Ow page is sts. At the entrance / exit xasa just a memory in
addresses 23440-23471. You can use the page 6 (even killing a
macro), as well as page 4, if you do not download it second
text, and if assembliruemoy program, no options loadtext.
By the way, we should say that loadcode and
save code used by the on-screen memory
stsa (ie bank 7).
In general, you can make a muck of, and the third bank -
to hang it will not.
And naturally, at your disposal all the
48-I memory (page 0, 2 and 5), except
Some system variables BASIC.
If you 256/512k port # fd bits
6 and 7, then use the 2nd bank 128k (ie
# 10 pot instead of 0, # 17 - 7th ...), that
usually leads to preservation of the text in memory even after
pressing the reset ...
2. Entering text.
2.1 Download.
When handling the disc border color change indicates an error
reading / writing. After four attempts, it asks:
Error t / s. Retry, Ignore, Abort.
where t/s- a track / sector with an error.
If you answer Retry will be done 14 more
attempts ... Interruption of operation with a -
- Space.
When you run the editor-assembler (hereinafter
p-a), if the memory is no text, then
disk for a file XMACROS.XaS (macro) and
loaded in the presence (and absence of memory). Then, if the
disk There are files with XAS, xAS and
XaS, You will get them and spisochek
the amount of free disk space sectors.
You can select a file with
cursor keys and entera, or refuse to download by clicking edit
(removal of load) or ext mode (remove the text from the
memory). Space - perezachtenie directory. If the files on the
drive there, then the p-and immediately come to the editor.
2.2 Display.
Going into the editor, you will see several
bukovok and tsifirok bottom of the screen.
INS - mean that enabled insertion
(CS / 3), OVR - replacement;
LAT - selected Latin alphabet (edit),
RUS - Russian;
0 / 1 - the first number indicates the number of current
ing line (from scratch), second - if
honors the lines in the text (ie the maximum
maximum value for the first number
la). The text may not be less
two rows;
thing - shows the current number one hundred tekpravoe: 1 - The
text of the bank 3, 2 - the number of bank 4 and 3 - the macro
in the bank 6.
Color figures indicates the following:
White - You have not yet edited
text after boot
yellow - the text still does not edit
valsya after recording,
red - the text is edited
camping, and when the next record it
on the disc will increase the number until
shows number of editions;
number, which - the number of editions of the text,
in front if it is zero
right number of new text (or only
to that encoded
LIMITED), it will not show
is called.
At the bottom is a row of 29 characters in length.
This comment, which is stored in the text.
The third bottom line is often printed
Model Search (* - no).
2.3 Editor.
Quite a tricky thing: when you try to go beyond the line, he
will pack it, check the elementary syntax, and if all the
procedure will avtotabulyatsiyu (ie string type
LabEL lD Hl # 4000; MDAAA ..
turn to
"Label LD HL, # 4000; MDAAA ..
If syntax errors such as: two
tags in a row at the start line, use the names of the registers
and conditions as labels, more than 3 marks in a row (y z80
No team with four parameters) (for def-s restriction does not
apply), editor something propischit nowhere to go and not allow
it.
Be careful with nested
each other quotes in defm: if you
two standing next to the quotes, then after they
recommend to continue the search with the next
lines: for example, need a text: "a" "b" it
should score at defm "" a "" b "", and
defm "" "
defm "a" ""
defm "b" "
Operations in line:
ext mode - exit from the editor;
ss / q - rus / lat; location of Russian
letters 'yaverty' in is_dos;
ss / a - tab (very rarely used
acterized button);
cs / 2 - ovr / ins;
edit -home/end (start / end of line);
cursor - the cursor;
graph - the prefix macro (see below);
delete - guess, if you press in on
beginning of an empty string, the string
removed;
break - removal of the cursor;
ss / w - delete rows;
ss / enter - the restoration of the line, return
schaet line form, which she
had to edit;
ss / e - tag line for the block
operations are not necessarily metal
tit lines in a row, to make
uncheck this box, then repeat
but otmette other kind of
tags (see cs / ent), or click
enter; (see also ss / s);
cs / ent - tag line for the memory
The same mark is aiming line
assembler, if it detected
wife of error, uncheck -
- See ss / e;
Operations in the text:
cs/3/4 - page up / down;
ss / g - start / end of text;
ss / y / u - find predyd. / trace. marked
line, and if there are none, nothing
does not occur;
ss / s - cancellation marks;
ss / f - search for the next model, if
it does not, then changes the color
curb; (see below find);
graph ent - search _nachala teksta_ words
Islands on which the cursor is positioned;
very handy thing to find
labels, not necessarily put
cursor to the beginning of the word - it
will be done automatically;
to find the next such
word, press ss / f;
Block operations:
ss / d-deletion labeled ss / e lines;
ss / i - copy marked ss / e
lines, and if the marked lines
No, it is inset
text from the clipboard;
graph ss / i - Copy the marked lines
into a buffer, for example, pereno
self them to another text;
(* - Some other location Clavey: edit - rus / lat; cs / 2 -
tab; cs / 3 - ovr / ins; cs / 4 - home / end; ss / q / a - pgup
/ / Pgdw).
To copy lines from one text to another, we must first put them
in buffer. Labeled lines are placed in the buffer when you ss /
i or graph ss / i. Followed by a move to another text (download
it or just switch to another window), remove it yellow mark
(Ss / e) and push ss / i.
When assembling a large number of tags they can collide with
the buffer. (* In assembly buffer is cleared)
2.4 Teams Xas.
When you click in the editor, ext you get to the command
line. Back in the editor, you can press ext. Teams are selected
pressing the appropriate keys:
aUto (respectively, - 'u') undo /
/ On the need for
confirm selecting ente
ROM (this team is, in fact,
rudiment, and the next. versions of its
will not, so enjoy
now);
Edit a return to the editor;
Save text the text to write to disk; proposed
reaches to change the name in the time we introduce
Yes it is a command can be undone
pressing ext, with the change
name is preserved, if the disk
such a file is, it is removed;
if the disk has no space community
tions is not issued, changing the color
border to red.
Load text file download the catalog; ec
whether the disc has no files with the types of
XAS, XaS, xAS or xaS, then kata
the log does not appear and xas vozrva
schaetsya the command line, with
select the file running the following
keys: space - perezachtenie
directory, edit - cancel App
ki, ext - delete text from the PA
myati the files that start with the symbol
ox '' - remote, but they can be
but free to download, file type
'T' means the text, 'M' - macro
(It is automatically loaded into
Box 3, regardless of the current);
sTs output in sts (* - No);
pressing cs / t in the pc will be for
scribed address start otassembliro
bath program, and in memadr -
recently printed in the tracing
oscillator number (for sts 4.x);
flow of N 2 and complete their
work operation ret;
cs / r - after the return of prog
Ramm and to clean the screen will
expected to press any key;
remarK editing comments;
Assemble assemble;
fullCat complete directory of the drive; cs / c -
All data are displayed in decimal
dimensionless form;
neW delete text from memory should be
confirm the 'Y';
laBels displaying table tags
sorted according to the first symbol
ox; to interrupt the press
space; if after assemblirova
of you used the block operator
walkie-talkie 'copy', and labels would be
Lo a lot, then you will see not
all tags;
cs / b - print in decimal form;
(* - Does not support the push to
cs, and asks the question 'hex?', in
be answered 'n', if
need a stamp in the decimal system
IU);
, Save cOde - write the object code, with
code length over # c000 record does not
is because such lengths in
48k of memory does not happen;
Mac edit - edit the file macros
which is located in the 3 rd box;
aNother - switch to editing
another window: 1, 2, 2> 1 3> 1;
comPute - calculator. You can recruit
expression as in the text of the prog
Rummy (tag names, binary and
symbolic constants ..), the results
This result will be printed in decimal
my, and hexadecimal systems
max, we can use a calculator
vatsya to transfer numbers from one
tem to another view
label values, attitudes Adre
ca sts on value of the label (see
sTs) (* - No);
3. Disassemble.
Assemble in two passes, but not
Traditional. On the first pass is a table of labels. At the end
of his message on the length and the end of the object code.
Almost all errors are declared on the second
passage. Assembling can be interrupted
on the second pass, pushing cs. Second pass ends with a beep.
Now the program can be run (see run) or write to disk (save
code).
Want to note that the assembly time depends mainly on the
number of tags, but from, say, the length of the text - much
smaller. From this very simple conclusion: do fewer labels, and
the formula for approximate calculation of the time assembly: t
= 0.000163 * n ^ 1.72, where t - time seconds, n - number of
tags.
3.1 Errors.
When an error occurs displays the string with the error
below - its number, the name of the error and, if the text is
loaded loadtextom or simply found in the second
page name. In this line is marked in red (see cs / ent), to
it can be easy to find and edit ((c) I).
List of errors:
No Label - there is no such label;
Syntax In Number - syntax error
including;
Label Exists - issued on the first passing through
de; label with the same name
exist (see Introduction);
Syntax - Syntax error in parameters
The parameters of the operation (eg
(Ix +));
Target Too Far - jr operation or not djnz
can jump so far;
Number Too Big-in operations not involving
with (ix / iy + d) - just envisaged
Preventing that parameter
a number greater than
valid for this operator
tion (for example, bit 3 +15, a),
in this case will be taken junior
level numbers, the parameter
same for (ix / iy + d) may mean
chat error;
Fatal Error - usually an error in the parameter
operations, which excludes
the possibility of its assemblirova
of (ld sp, bc);
LTB Over - no more room in the table
labels; appears on the first
pass and stop al
semblirovanie;
No File - file does not exist in teams loadco
de and loadtext;
Skipping - warning ignored
Vania team loadtext, if
she met in the text of
second window (see below)
or team loadcode, if
file is missing (in the second
pass);
attachment warning
! Assm;
Attention! On error Fatal Error object code is so flawed,
that can not be used (this
due to the inability to determine the length of operation is to
occur, leading to incorrect preparation of the table tags.
Other district and if such errors do stop assembling.
3.2 Source code
Text can be typed small and large letters, with or without
tabs instead of commas, you can type spaces (except def-s).
Small letters are typed with cs. Macros are typed by pressing
the graph and then any key. When I try to go beyond
outside line, it will be recoded,
gaps where necessary, replaced with a comma
tags to improve readability (perhaps
First you will be impacted, but then
I hope you will appreciate my efforts) will be
printed in small letters. If the
line there are errors, you can not go
beyond it, do not fix it.
Russian letters can not be used in labels.
Instead, (ix / iy +0), you can dial (ix / iy);
halves ix / iy denoted hx / y and lx / y.
In the ex af, af 'apostrophe can be left out.
At a set of hexadecimal numbers instead of icons '#' you can
press '..' In operations
ld (adr), rp ld (adr), a out (n), a in a, (n)
bracket set is not necessary (ie you can
ld l01 +50 / 3, de).
In out (c), r and in r, (c) '(c)' can be omitted (out l). (* -
No)
Push or pop a few in a row can be replaced by one, listing
the register pair separated by commas: pop af: pop iy: pop bc =
pop af, iy, bc.
Numbers
Instead of numbers you can dial _lyubyh_ expression, where -
the letters in quotes - a number that consists of the codes of
letters (the quotes (Except defm) may be one or two letters),
with the first letter - the most significant byte, second -
Jnr. If the letter a, then the first byte is zero - the
brackets and preoritet operations are not supported - allowed
the operation: +,-,*,/ and! - Xor (example: "B"! # 80, 1520!
Label1! # F001). Supports binary numbers, they must begin with
a '%' and be in the range 0 .. 65535. Another two logical
operations: '& Ampl - take only the low byte
'& Amph - take only the most significant byte, placing
him in the minors, ie, # 5cf4 '& amph = # 5c;
'L - the result of a cyclic shift to the left
'R - the same right, ie # A703'r = # d381.
If you need to move several times, then
operation is simply a duplicate.
Features (def, work, ent, org,
loadcode, loadtext,! assm)
defs - supports up to two parameters;
If the second parameter is no, then it is assumed to be zero.
The second option - - _dvuhbaytovoe_ Number, which will fill
the memory defs. Examples: 1) should be 15 zeros - defs 15
2) have 31 push af - defs 31, # f5f5
3) should be 10,0,10 - defs 3,10
4) have 32 ldi (ed a0) - defs 64, # a0ed
work - allows you to create the program,
working not with those addresses, which
they will assemble. Parameter indicates the address from which
to work this program. Applies to
_vsyu_ program and _all_ orgi and stores
its influence to work without the option parameter.
Recommend to put it in the beginning of the program
_posle_ orga. Example: you otassemblirovat program to work with
address 0:
org # 9000
work 0
lab1 .....
org # a005
lab2 work
lab3 .....
lab1 label will have the value # 0000
lab2 - # 1005, and lab3 - # a005.
ent - allows you to specify the address from which this
program will run the command run. Used without an argument.
org - indicates the current address for the location of the
program. Orga If not, then address is equal to # 8000.
Attention! If the the beginning of your text orga not, orgi
is on, and if they are more # 8000
the length of the object code will be calculated
wrong! (Will not be counted org # 8000).
So if you want to use
save code, then in this case should be put in the beginning of
the org # 8000.
loadcode "name" - the name must be in quotes; loaded file type
code;
loadtext "name" - if the second page already have a file with
that name, the disk access is not happening!, and if it does
not, then it is loaded there, removing text that was there
before. From the second page for obvious reasons, does not
work. If someone does not know what loadtext - this option
allows you to have a program in assembly, consisting of a set
texts that are loaded and assembled in a queue while they enjoy
one table tag, so from one files can be freely refer to
labels from other files.
! Assm! On /! Off
Esche has a genuine option! Assm,
which can have a parameter! on or
! Off. It allows you to select pieces
text, which must be otassemblirovat
only once, or do not have to assemble. Parameter! On means that
option! assm ignored, but after assembly it will be translated
into! off. ! Off also causes the text to pass options
! Cont. Example: You write drayverok press, which enjoys a
downloadable fonts. So why load it at every assembly? You can
download it only once, and then he will sit
in memory:
...
font org # 7000
! Assm! On
loadcode "font51"
! Cont
org # 7300
...
or you do not need to assemble
some of the code, and to avoid flooding
all lines in a comment, just ogranichte their options! assm!
off and! cont.
! Assm n (* - No)
The parameter n - number of repetitions. Allows
otassemblirovat piece of text to the option
! Cont n times. Recalls defs Tasma, but
an order of magnitude steeper than it:
! Assm 128
ld hl, 0
push hl
! Cont
! Assm # 50/2-% 0101
"I zachem eto?"
ld hl, 0
call 1
! Cont
Instead of n may be a label if it is defined above.
Put between tags! Assm n and! Cont not
recommended. Use $.
Nesting! Assm with any parameters not
allowed!
defm - instead defm "string" can be typed simply "string", in
which case the number of characters per line will increase to
40.
defb - if defb you only hexadecimal numbers, you can instead
defb # n1, # n2, # n3, # n4 ... typing just
# N1n2n3n4 ... Here, the first '#' character is required and
each number must be entered using two digits (0 = 00, # a = 0a
...); number For clarity, you can share icon
'#' (# N1 # n2n3 # n4 ... - as you like) and of course, instead
of '#' can reap '. "
4 Macro.
Macros are typed by pressing the graph (cs /
/ 9) and then one of the keys with the Shift or
no. In this case, the screen will be printed string
is assigned to this macro file
letter. Macro file is constructed as follows
way: it consists of strings, where the first
character must be a sign ";", the second -
symbol, when clicked on the screen will display a line that
lies behind this second (ie, up to 40 characters). If at the
end of the lines needed gaps then the last gap to be replaced by
underscore (ss / 0), otherwise they will be cut editor. If you
need to post O macros are automatically pushed
enter, finish the macro point.
The length of the macro file should not exceed
# B20, then, actually, quite enough to have a macro at all
possible characters (about 90). Length limit
associated with the table of marks: under the block
Copying a macro will be cut
to the specified length. If your program a huge number of
labels (> 1500), then macro file in the memory can be partially
or completely destroyed, which, however, to hang will not, just
if you using macros, you will have to restart.
5 formats of text.
Section for those who want to write their
perekoderovschiki and others or to understand the
the work of district and ...
The first 29 bytes of a file stored comment;
then 2 bytes - the address of the current position in
Text (addressed _nachala_ current line);
on 2 bytes - the current cursor coordinates (x, then y); 1 byte
sign ovr / ins; 1 byte - number of revisions file (0 .. 127);
B # 01 - sign of the beginning of the text.
Format of text strings explained by example:
Screen:
label LD HL, # 4d00-"a"; EXAMPLE
Memory:
'LABEL', # ac, # d2, '# 4D00-"a"; Example', # 0d
tags are stored in large letters;
tabs are not available;
Commas may be only for comments,
quotes or as a separator in
defah;
gaps may only be in quotes or
comment;
the last byte in the line can be # 0d -
Line normal color, # 09 - yellow or
# 0c - red;
an example:
text must
stand # 00.
6 Tips on programming
Newcomers
May, of course, is arrogance on my part to give any advice,
but still I have written two major programs, so that something
could be useful to you. 1) Try to plan a program
before writing it. Similarly, decide what
it will do and how.
2) Try to do less labels - and assembling will be quicker and
will not be problems with the overflow table - use the icon
'$', which means the current address, if there are multiple
labels, you can turn to one another using the name of + / -
offset. 3) to save memory, use the following things: if you
need a cell, then Do not do this:
label defb 0
....
ld a, (label)
....
ld (label), a
and replaced by:
label ld a, 0
ld (label +1), a
As the cells for storage of anything
variables can be used BASIC.
For example, printing via its driver
You can override the channel and use the rst 16.
4) about the speed: remember that jp faster jr, ldi faster
ldir, that the quickest way to stuff into memory
Byte or get him out of it and push
pop.
5) the '$': Remember that $ specifies the address
beginning of the current operation, ie
label djnz label
equivalent
djnz $
a is not, say, $ -2.
7 Perekoderovschik.
Perekoderovschik written hacker Cris, and
thing I can tell you quite steep: recode it from gens, isdos
assembler or tasm 3.0 xas in and out of xasa in txt, where
text format (gens / isdos / tasm / xas) defines itself, so I
think in general not necessary.
When perekoderovke in xas he wrote the number of errors -
overflow line (as in tasme and isdose line 255 (?), while
I was up to 42 characters, and long lines are cut in half. In
this line will be marked in red and can be easily found in xase
(at ss / y / u) and corrected. After perekoderovki may
glyuchok: when assembly is an error, while the line looks fine.
Here you just get on that line and push anything other than the
cursor up and down. For example, you can simply press
ss / u or y.
8 The End.
Well, all over this destructive work
tamping helra, you can now relax and admit that all the help
and all Xas Max Petrov wrote from St. Petersburg to
January 1996 phone 598 0159 (for
which can be reported Gluck).
And also to say that perekoderovschik written hacker Cris, it
seems not without help his virtual brother Johna Stunnera.
Thank them for that, because during the Scriptures
they caught some glyuchkov in Xase. Johnnu
Another thanks for the acceleration of Pts. small, but very
good. important protsedurki, which resulted in increasing the
speed of assembly by 15% compared with baseline, but most of
all I thank him because it led me to the acceleration
the thought of an even greater acceleration, and I've got
another 32-percent reduction in assembly time, ... As a result,
the expense of our benefit increased by half.
And finally to convey greetings and wishes
happy new year all users, players, hackers and sympathetic.
Max Petrov (hpm) 01.96-05.96 SPb.
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Questions? As the saying goes, try again.
On braking after loading xasa:
He zapachen trushem, which is a little brake ... (Only *)
Max Petrov (hpm) 05.96 SPb.
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