PC platform is the most popular now
But how well you know her story? Even if you (like me) are
having to It is not the most friendly feelings, you do not
good to know the most important moments of her
development. Dannya article was prepared by me
PC based on the press and is a short
overview of the evolution of the main sostavlvyuschih PC -
OS Windows and CPU.
All this is necessary to know at
least in order to more fully represent the picture of
persoonalnyh computers in general.
History of Windows
October 1981 - there was MS-dos.
March 1983 - MS-dos 2.0 with new opportunities
particular - support for HD, installs
emye drivers.
Already in January this year, Apple vypus
follows LISA - the first computer with the boundary
crystallographic interface. The first Macs
appeared a year later.
November 10, 1983 - Microsoft announces pa
paper over Windows.
November 20, 1985 - goes Windows 1.0.
Support the work of several programs
switching between them. Windows yes
the same can not overlap each other.
Many limitations and shortcomings.
April 1987 - Microsoft announces vypus
Ke OS / 2.
December 9, 1987 - Windows 2.0 - some
new opportunities, in particular admissible
admits overlapping windows.
May 22, 1990 - Windows 3.0 - includes new
opportunities, but has become unstable,
to glitches.
April 6, 1992 - Windows 3.1 - a more reliable
on what version 3.0.
May 24, 1993 - Windows NT.
November 8, 1993 - Windows 3.11.
March 1994 - Linux 1.0.
August 24, 1995 - Windows 95.
July 31, 1996 - Windows NT 4.0.
June 25, 1998 - Windows 98.
In early 1999, the planned output
Windows NT 5.0 (Windows 2000), but
now known that the output of the system moved to the end of
1999 or early 2000. It must be noted that originally had Win NT
not that of Microsoft's product and was developed by firms,
which later bought the Microsoft.
Inside Win NT is completely different
from the original versions of Windows, is more stable and
well-organized. Greatest the lack of versions including a 4.0
incompatibility with many programs napisannmi under dos, since
traded to the hardware directly. The NT does not work the vast
majority of games and old programs. But the main advantage of
the new Version 5.0 will be compatible with the data
programs.
History of CPUs
used in PC machines.
1969 - Appears first processor for one
dimensional crystals - 4004. Its authors -
Ted Hoff (Ted Hoff), Stanley Meyzor
(Stanly Masor), Federico Fedzhin (Fe
derico Faggin). The processor contains
45 instructions, 4-bit bus
data and 12-bit address bus.
Frequency - 108 KHz, producer
sequence - 0,06 MIPS. Initially, about
core processor designed for use
tion into the calculator.
1972 - It turns out the processor 8008. Vosmiraz
row data bus and shesnadtsatiraz
row address bus. Appears under
support interrupts.
1974 - CPU 8080. Contains a section
nye address bus and data. Works
at 2 MHz, 0,64 MIPS.
1978 - 8086. Contains 29 thousand transistors
ditch, 16-bit data bus,
20-bit address bus. When on
relics of a special segment Regis
spectrum appears vosmozhnost address
up to 1 MB of memory. The frequency of 5 - 10 MHz
8088 - A simplified version of the processor
8086, with a stripped-down front-side bus data
GOVERNMENTAL up to 8 bits (bits).
1981 - IBM has vypyskaet first PC with
8088 and 8086.
1982 - The first series processors 86 - 80286.
16-bit, 24 bit
address, 12 MHz, 2.66 MIPS. Is showing
Xia protected mode virtual hell
rez, who can address
16 MB of physical RAM and 1 GB of virtual
sexual and helps to realize a lot of
posers.
1985 - Full 32-bit 80386.
Contains 275 thousand transistors work
melts at a frequency of up to 39 MHz, 11.4 MIPS,
4 GB of addressable memory, 64 terabytes of virtual
exponentially.
1989 - Intel486 - 1.2 million transistors,
up to 50 MHz, the basic model - 20 MIPS,
overclocked to 120 MHz, using
the concept of RISC architecture (but not
RISC architecture itself entirely).
1993 - Pentium. The first processors were with
frequency of 60 MHz, 100 MIPS. 32 times
row architecture, the memory bus (hell
rez) - 64-bit, 3.1 million transistors
moat. Performed two independent integral
constructions per cycle. Two separate kOe
Sha - for address and data. Max. h
Total - 200 MHz.
1995 - Pentium pro - the cache memory of the second
level up to 1 MB on a single chip.
Viewing up to 20 instructions
ahead and execute them as a function
Tu from their willingness, almost two
improve performance, but a hundred
imost processor was very high.
1997 - Pentium MMX - Improvements
to increase the speed of execution
multimedia applications.
Were involved in the register FP
(For floating point)
for new teams to MMX. New as Regis
The spectra were not introduced to preserve the
compatibility with older software
provision of the operating system
mi supports multiple
programs. New teams, and their 57 pieces
Criminal Code to allow a more efficient work
a thief with graphics, grupiruyut 16-bit
data in 64 bit, help the creation
vat quick mask.
1997 (May) - Pentium II has connected to the CE
Be a concept Pentium pro and MMX. Sauder
contains 7.5 million transistors, runs
at a frequency of 233-450 MHz.
Not so long ago (in the spring of 1999.) Intel
released the next processor series
Pentium - Pentium III. In essence, this
Only the further development of principles
laid down in the MMX. There were new to
Mande, new registers. But for them
require the appropriate software
software. Not optimized as
spetsialzno a Pentium III soft will
work at the same rate as in
Pentium II with the same clock often
one.
In 2000, the expected emergence of new
of the processor - Merced, which will be
built on a fully 64-bit
architecture. At least Opera
tional system should be the totally
Tew reworked to support new
th processor.
In addition to processors from Intel rather raspostraneny
CPU from AMD and Cyrix. The first well developed for its K6-2
processor a set of additional commands - 3Dnow!, Similar to the
team MMX. Intel is also releasing version Outlet
PentiumCeleron.
History of the development of processors for PC
is not as rosy as it may seem at first glance. All the new
processors are forced to bear the burden of compatibility with
previous models, so as productivity gains from them are not so
swift to allow emulate
previous models of software. Latest
models of processors from Intel are not compatible with older
motherboards and require replacement. Processor Merced, hope
and dream for all fans of PC, can deliver a lot of trouble to
all producers soft'a, so the firm Intel has finally decided
koordinalno rework the structure of the processor. Technologies
such as MMX accelerated work only new programs written
specifically for them and using new
team.
Well, we live in a very interesting
period, and not much time left before 2000, when much of the
current situation can change and anyone knows what kind of
direction ... Not logged in Did dinosaurs of our age to a
standstill? ...
