
                  

           訫,    ᫥ ᪠,   
   ᭮  .  ᠬ   ᭮ 
,   ᭮  ࠡ ⮪ (ୠ⨢ 
ॣ஢).      ࠢ,    ᫨       
⪨  ⬠ᮢ  ⮪.    ⮫ ⪨, ⮡
࠭    襩  㪨,       ᭨. ᫨,
ਬ,    ⫮   㪥 ᫮ 3  﫨 ⪨, 
⪠      㤥  ࠭   㪨  ⫮
᫮ 3. 
         ,    类  ᮬ,  ࠧ  ᮮࠧ, 
ਬ  ⠪  ⪨  -     ᫮ 
    ⮪, ᬥ ⪨,  ஥ ᫮
⠭    砩  室    ⮬  㣮  
⮪.  㣠  ⪠ 室  㪮, ᫨  
㦭,    㤥  襩 㪨,    ᭨. 
ᮦ,           㢨, 
᫮    ⠬  ࠭.    ,  ⢥, ⪠
믮      뫮 ᫥, ᫨   
㪨.    ਤ  ᭮  ᬥ  ⪨,  ⮡  
  ᯮ짮  ᥩ  ⮩  ଠ樥, 
࠭ ⪨. 
               ᭮  ⮪   
  (     -   , ⮡   
⪨?),       ८  㪨   ⠪,
              ࠢ 㪨.
⮬  ⥯  ।⠢  ॣ஢ ਭ ⠪
: 

                  A  -  F  (===)  A'  -  F'
                  B  -  C  (===)  B'  -  C'
                  D  -  E  (===)  D'  -  E'
                  H  -  L  (===)  H'  -  L'
                              IX
                              IY

           ,     ⮪,  
,  뢠 ⠪ ,   ᮮ⢥ 㪠, ⮣
 ᭮  ᥣ 砥 宬. 
           -०  ⭮    ⮬,  
㪨,    ⮬,     ⮪.    
  ⬥砥  ᭮    宬,    ,
⠪    LD  A',1.    ࠡ⠥    訬 㪠,   
⪠.     ⢥     ,    ⭮騥    
ୠ⨢    ॣ஢,    ⨯ "⥯
८ ⪨". ਬ: 

  1. LD  A, (騪 N1)     : 㧨   ᮤন  騪 N1
  2. EX  AF, AF'          : ᮪饭 ଠ ""
                          : (EXCHANGE) - .. 
  3. LD  A, (騪 N2)     : ⪨  AF ⪠ AF'
  4. EX  AF, AF'          :   
  5. LD  A, (騪 N3)     :

           ,  । 5 ਢ   
  뢠 ⭮ ⢨   ୠ⨢
ॣ஢.          ᮤন.  ਬ
᪮஢    ⮣, ⮡ 㦨 樥 
  ୠ⨢   ॣ஢. ࠩ  
ந室. 
         ,      㤥    ॣ    ᫥  
?   ।,  ᮤন  騪
⠪: 

                        (騪 N1) = 1
                        (騪 N2) = 2
                        (騪 N3) = 3

   ந室 ᫥  : 

              REGISTER  A         REGISTER  A'
         1.       1                NOT KNOWN
         2.   NOT KNOWN                1
         3.       2                    1
         4.       1                    2
         5.       3                    2

          REGISTER - ॣ; NOT KNOWN -⭮.

          ᠬ  祭 . 
           㦨,   騥 ॣ ᮡ
,     㪨 (), 뢠 , 
    ⫮    ⥪     .  ᬮਬ 
 . 

                          ?

         ,     ॣ,  , ,  㤥
ᮡ ப  짮. 

                         

              (2-⮢ ॣ ). 
ᥣ 㪠뢠   ࠧ  ⥪.  ⮬ ⥪
  ᬥ頥    祩   訬 ࠬ. 
筮    室  ணࠬ஢  設 몥
  -    㪠⥫  ⥪.    ᫥  
      ࠧ,    믮 PUSH 
POP.      ,      砥  訡,
    ⮬,    뢠  ⮫  祭,
஥  ⮫㫨    ⥪.     㢥७,  
ਢ  樨 CRASH (ᡮ)  襩 ணࠬ. 

                            I

            ॣ      뢠.     ⥬,
᭮    Z80,  ⫨    "",   ॣ
筮  ਬ    ࠭      ⠡
ᮢ     ࠡ⪨  ࠧ  ॠ権    뢠,
ਬ,  ᮢ  -뢮.      "" 
।⢮    ਬ    ॣ I   樨
ᨣ  ࠢ ࠭.    - ਤ
짮 ⨬ ॣ஬. 

                            R

           R - ॣ ⠭ .  Z80 
।祭     ⮬᪮    ᪮
.   ࠡ  Z80 ଠ, ࠭
      ᪮  ,     뫮
㯠,   㤥   "⥪"   -    殮  
६. ᫨   (१裂)  祩 ,
  ࠭  砫쭮  ଠ 祧.  R
㦨    稪,  騢    ࠧ, 
ந室  横  ᪠  ଠ樨  .  ࠧ,
祭    ॣ R  ६ 横᪨   0 
255.      䠪      ᯮ짮  ன  
ᯥ祭         ⥩   .    㦭
ᯮ.    祣    㦭      ⮬.  
ᯮ      ⮬  ஢
"".    짮  ,  㬠 
      ⮬      .      窨  ७
ணࠬ஢        ॣ  R ⭮騬
楫     ⥬ ਬ. , 
   짮   ।⢮ 祭 砩
᫠  0  255.  ਬ  த㥬 . 

                              

                     

              8 ᭮ 8-⮢ ॣ஢ (A, F, B,
C,  D,  E, H, L)   16-⮢ ॣ (IX, IY). 
8-⮢ ॣ஢    㪢,  16-⮢ - 
 㪢. 

                         

              쬨  8-⮢  ॣ஢    
। ᫮ ᯮ짮  ࠡ⪨ 16-⮢
ᥫ.    -   ॣ஢ BC, DE  HL.  HL 
    訩,   訩. 

                    

           Z80  ᪮஢ ⠪ ࠧ,  
8-⮢     믮   ॣ , 
 16-⮢ - ⮫쪮    ॣ஢ HL. 

                  

         ᥬ ᭮ 8-⮢ ॣ஢  ᬥ 
㣮  ୠ⨢   ॣ஢. 祭, ࠭ 
᭮   ॣ,   ࠭        ᯮ
ୠ⨢  ,       ⢫ .
ୠ   ᬥ      ॣ஢      
ࠡ뢠 ࢮ砫 祭. 

        ,      
                        ?

               㦥   筮   㧭       
⭠筮 ⥬ ᫥,      
騬  ⭮襭   .       ᠬ
 믮 ணࠬ  設 몥. 
         "ZX  "    ᠬ     ६ 믮
ணࠬ    設  몥.     ⮬  .
      祣  ,  ᬮ  ࠭,
  ਤ㬠,    ⢥ ࢮ ப 襩
饩   ᭮   ணࠬ      몥  "ᨪ",  
""     ࠡ⮩    ࠢ  ணࠬ  
設  몥.      ணࠬ, ࠭  ,  
뢠  樮  ⥬.  ਬ,  ணࠬ,
믮        ᨤ  ᬮ  ࠭,
믮 ᫥饥: 
      - ᪠   ᪠  ଠ樨; 
      - ⬥砥,      ; 
      - 뤠  ᯫ ⥪騩 ࠭ (⮩). 
                  믮  ணࠬ    몥
"ᨪ",  ࠢ ணࠬ  設 몥.  
㦥    﫨,        ணࠬ    ⭮      ⨯
஢:        ᫥    몠
"ᨪ",  ८ࠧ      設  , 믮 
  ணࠬ    ⥬  頥    -  樨
᫥饩  .      뢠    ⠪,  
믮  ᢮  ᮡ⢥  ணࠬ    設 몥.
  ᢮    樮 ⥬. ਬ 㭪樨
"USR"   ।  ࠢ    ⥬  ,    
⨫    USR,     뫨. ⮡ ⠬ 
,    㤥  ஢      ⨬
  設 몠. ᯥ⨢ 쭮 㣠. 
  ࠢ    ,  ࠭ 
.    訡,      ᨬ   ਤ
몫   ""      稭  ᭠砫.    
ᮮ饭    訡,    ᨭ⠪᪮ ஢ન 
।  -  ⠪,    ᫨   ᤥ  訡,
       ࠡ,  祭      襩
ணࠬ. 
             ⮩    稫 ணࠬ  몥
"ᨪ",             ।஢
ணࠬ    設  몥.      ணࠬ   
"",         ,  ᪮    祬
⭮,    ࠢ 襩 ணࠬ
   設   몥.      㣮   ஭,      
ᯥਬ஢  -   ᬮ ᯮ    
  뫮  ணࠬ   設 몥,  . 
襥,     ந,  ਤ 몫  
  "". 
               㦤   祭
  ணࠬ  設 몥. 㧨 ᠭ 
몥  "ᨪ"  ணࠬ  "  設 몠  
EZ",  饭   ⮩   믮 . ணࠬ
     㧪.     , 
    ⥫  ࠧ 設 .  ⮩ ணࠬ
  EZ      ਬ   31500, ⠪ 
  롥६  32000.    ᫮ 32000, ⥬ 
<ENTER>.  ࠭ ⥯ ᢥ   ப 
                           (# # #):
  砥,  ணࠬ , ⮡    
 ப ⥪ 設 ணࠬ. 
            "1", ⥬ ஡, ⥬ "C"  ⥬
"9".    宦      ப  몠 "ᨪ"  ஬
ப  1,      -  ப  設  몠.  ᫨  
浪,      <ENTER>.   ࠭ ⥯  
    ப: 
                           1    C9 

               ࠭ - ᪠: 

                "   (# # #):"

           ⮬  ⠯      ப,
⠪    ⮣  . 
            ᫮  "DUMP"    ⥬    <ENTER>.
⢨  ⮩    ⮨    뤠  ⥪  設
ணࠬ      ᯥ⪨    㪠  , 
 32000. 
             ࠢ.   ⮫쪮   
ணࠬ    設  몥.    ஢,  
뫠    ࠢ쭮,   ⥯  "MEM"  ⥬
<ENTER>.         ᬮ ᮤন
.        砫 .  ⮣
32000  ⥬ <ENTER>. 
          㢨 ᮤন 祥   32000  32087.
    00  ᪫祭 32000,  ன 
  9.  ⥬   "M", ⮡   ⠯
   ᭮   .     "C9"  砥  RETURN
().    ᪮쪮    ᨯ 
     ࠧ.         ⢨⥫쭮        
ᠬ⥫쭮,      ⮫쪮  ஥, 
      ⢥म        (묨
᫮, 樮 ⥬). 
           室  믮 ணࠬ  設
몥.  ⮡  믮    ணࠬ  設 몥,
ᠭ      ,      RUN    ⥬
<ENTER>. 
           ந室? 祬  ࠭  ᫮
32000?    ,  ᯮ짮      ⢥ 
㧪    砫.   뢠,  㭪 USR ⮨ 
믮  ணࠬ    設  몥,  ⭮ 
⮩  㭪樨  ⥪,    祭  USR    
ணࠬ   設 몥, 饭   , 㤥
ࠢ  祭    ॣ஢  BC.  ⢥      
⥪   ᯮᮡ,  樮 ⥬ ""
頥      㭪樥  URS.    樮  ⥬
砥  㭪 URS,  㦠 㪠 짮⥫
   ॣ஢ BC -   砥 32000. 

                  祭 URS,   । 

                      LET A = USR 32000

⢥, ਢ  ⢥ 32000. 
           ᮡ  㭪樨  USR  㤥 祭 ,
᪮     ᫥  ⥬,  ந室 
६ 믮 ணࠬ  設 몥. 
              ᫥  ணࠬ    設
몥: 

                              08
                              9

              ,        
ணࠬ,  ⠪: 
           ப  1,  ⥬ ஡, ⥬ 0, ⥬  
⥬,  <ENTER>.  ࠧ  ப 2 9.
ᯥ⪠         ,        ப
ࠢ쭮.    DUMP  ⥬  RUN.  
ࠧ १ ࠢ 31999.  稫 ⮬,  
08 -  DEC BC (᮪饭   㬥襭 祭
  1). 

                          

         ᯥਬ    ,  騬  ,
  ⠪     ⠡   .   
ࠧ,      ᮪饭?    ,
⮡ ᫥ ப    ணࠬ 뫠 9. 
  RETURN.   ᫨   㤥, ணࠬ  
ᮢ . ᫨    ந,  ᯮ
-         ᯮ.    몫  ⠭  
㧨  ᭮. 

                          

             ਬ    ஢ન 
  . ஡   ࠧ ᮢ, ,  
,   - ⭮. 

              ()

                           

           ,     "ZX "    24
㪠    .  祢 ᮬ  ணࠬ஢ 
設 몥  襣 "" 㤥 ,  樨
᪠   ᪮쪮    믮. ࠧ 
,     . ,  設⢮ ,
   ࠢ      ⢨,        㢥७
믮 ࠢ 㪮, 祬 .   ⠪ ⠪
⢨,      믮  ᯮᮡ,  㣨
᫮.  ਬ,    -   ᮪  
    ५  ࠢ  ᫮, 祬 த 
ࠢ      㪠.     ᠬ ⭮  設
  -       믮   
ᯮᮡ.  㣨  ᯮᮡ  ᤥ    ᫮, 
쨬  -   .   ᯥ  -  ,
 樨 ⢨ ⨬. 
           ⮬ 襩 ࠢ 㪨 㦨 ॣ
.   騩  ॣ,  㪠,      १
᪮  த⢠    ࠭  .  㣮 ஭, 
  ६  ࠭ ,  뫮  ࠢ 㪥,  
㣮 㪥,   . 
        樠       뢠  ॣ஢
樥.      樠쭮   ।
ଠ樨   ॣ  㣮. 
           ਬ: 

                           LD A, B
                           LD H, E
 ⠪ . 
         ,      ,   ,      LD  -
᪮  祭 (᮪饭) LOAD    ⥭
⥪  몥 ᥬ ࠭ ⠢,  
⠥  "". , । 

                           LD A, B

 ⠥  "㧨   ". 
               㣨   樨    ᯮᮡ  
ॣ஢  樨,       ଠ 
।      ॣ   㣮,   ॣ 
. 

                 

             २    Z80  -   讬
⢥  筮⥩      権 (ᯮᮡ
樨).    ᬮਬ,   樨 ।
Z80: 
    - ।⢥ ; 
    - ॣ஢ ; 
    - ᢥ ॣ஢ ; 
    - ७ ; 
    - ᭠ . 
         ᮪      ?      ᯮ,
࠭ 㢥७   ⥯ ன    
㣨. 
         ਢ   ᯨ᮪     뢠    
樨,  ⮫쪮 ,  ⭮  ᫠  
㪨.   । ᬮਬ    
. 

                   

                   ଠ     

                           LD R, N

(      -    ᯮ㥬  LD  ⮫쪮  ⢥
ਬ). 
            ᯮ㥬   ᮪饭   R      祭
ந쭮  8-⮢  ॣ,    N  -   8-⮢
᫠. 
         ।⢥  -  ⮤, ᯮ騩
⮫쪮    .   室 ⠢  
.     砥,        믮  
।⢥  ᫥   祭.   室 
 ⥫쭮 ଠ樨  , ⮡ 믮 
. 
         ਬ,  ⫮  215    㪥  .   㢥७, 
  筮  㦥    ,  ⮡ 㬥 
⠪: 

               LD A,215           LD A,0D7H

  -⠪      ᤥ      ᠬ    
ॣ஢      묨  ᫠.   ଠ 
⨯ ।⢥ 樨: 
         -    1      (饩 ,   
            ) 
         -  2 N (祭 ॠ   ). 
         ᪮    ॠ  ⢮  ,
᫮,  ஥    㪠, ࠭祭  0 -
255.  ᫨       ⭮, ୨    ᯮᮡ
  . 
         筮    ਬ塞 ।⢥  
樠- 樨 稪  । ⠭, 室
  ᫥. ।⢥   ਬ 
ணࠬ஢     設  몥.      ,  
    ⮤ । ଠ樨 (ᯮᮡ
樨), ᪮  ॣ   䨪  
ᠭ   ணࠬ.  ⭮  ।    몥
"ᨪ" 룫拉  ⠪: 

                           LET A=5

         祢,    ⠪ ⨯ 室,   
         ⠪   ᯮᮡ   ணࠬ   楫.
।⢥   㤮,    蠥 ᭮
஡. 
                 ᤢ㫨    ⢮  窨: 
ணࠬ   ⥯ ᬮ ,  ᫠   
ॣ 㦠. 

                     

          㦥 ⪮ ᬠਢ  ᯮᮡ.  ଠ
 : 

                           LD  R,R
                     ( 㣨 )

           ⮬  ⮤  ⮫쪮  㪨. ,
 । ଠ樨   㪨  . 
           ᪠ । ଠ樨  묨 
㪠,    ᪫祭  㪨  F  (     ⮨
  㪮.  ॣ FLAG    ।祭 
࠭ ᥫ  筮 ᫥ ⮣ ᫮). 
             ॣ஢ 樥 ॡ ᥣ
 . 
           ⮣  ⨯   ⮫쪮 ⪨ ( ),
   ⠪      ॥  믮.  ॡ饥    
믮    ६    ⠢   4      
ᨭᨣ    ᥪ㭤  "". 
           ᠭ ணࠬ  設 몥 
ࠢ,      襭 䥪⨢ ணࠬ  
  ६      ᥣ,     ,
᫥  ਬ । ଠ樨    㪨 (ॣ
- ॣ). 

                 

                LD (RR), A      LD A, (RR)
                LD (HL), N

             ﬨ  ⨯  ਢ 
।          祩  ,    
㪠뢠 ᮤন   16-⮢  (). ᢥ
ॣ஢         ॥,   祬  筠
ᢥ , ᪮   室 
    .    ,   ᭠砫 㧨
ॣ,   ⠪     ᢥ  ॣ஢    
२⢮  ⮫쪮 ⮣,  ணࠬ ᯮ  
   ᥤ  ⭮. 

      ਬ:
              LD HL,SHAPE : 㧨 砫  
SHAPE  HL 
       LOAD   LD A,(HL)   :   
              INC HL      :  饭 㪠⥫ 
               LOOP    

                      

                LD A, (NN)        LD (NN),A

           ᬮਬ,   ந室  ଠ樥
      訬  㪠    .  ७
樨   ணࠬ ।⠢  , 
  ⠬. ᫨ । ଠ樨 ⢫  
   饣  ॣ,        ⮫쪮  
ᮤন 祩 ,  塠⮢ 楫 ᫮.
᫨    ।  ଠ樨  ⢫     
ॣ஢,       祪 ,   ᫥
祩. 
          ⠪ ⨯  ᫥騩 ଠ: 

       1     
       2    (   )
       3      16-  
       4        

           ⠪  ᯮᮡ  ணࠬ    뢠
ᮤন      ॣ  짮⥫.    
ॡ  ᮫  ,  묨  ᫮,    १
ਬ  ⮣  ⨯  樨  ணࠬ  
६頥,    ᪫祭  砥,  ६頥
뢠 ᮫ ,   뫠 . 

         SHAPE  DB N,N,N,....   :   SHAPE
         .
         .
         LD A,(SHAPE)           :    
                                   

                       

           LD R,(IX,IY+)        LD (IX,IY+), R
                    ( 㣨 ) 

          । ଠ樨 ⠪ ⨯   ,
   ॣ  IX    IY.    ᪫뢠  ᮤন
᭮  ॣ    ᮬ,     , ⮡
  ᯮ⥫  .      ⨯  Z80,
  16-⮢   権. 㣮, ப ਬ塞
16-⮢ ⨯  -  㧪 , ਬ: 

               LDIR (LOAD INCREMENT AND REPEAT)
          - 㧨,  饭  .

            ⨯ ਬ ⮤ 樨 ⠪
⨯ - 믮 ⠡ 権. 
          ॣ  ਬ  㪠⥫ 
砫  ⠡ . 祭 ᬥ饭   ,
⮡   ।     ॡ㥬    ⠡,  
஬ 㦭  ணࠬ. ਬ: 

         LD IX,TABLESTART   : 樠஢ 㪠⥫ 
                            :  砫 ⠡ 
         LD A,(IX+3)        :   쥬  
                            :  砫 ⠡

          ⮣ ⨯  ᫥騩 ଠ: 

          1     ( )
          2     ( )
          3     D     : 楫᫥ 祭 ᬥ饭

᫮ D - 8-⮢ ᫮, ஥ 室  
  .      ६.  砥, 
  樨  ࠭祭  祭ﬨ    -128  +127,
  ,   ॣ஬. 
         ᭠  믮 , ᪮
    祭  ᯮ⥫쭮     믮
᫮.    -⠪  ᭠    ࠧ  ,
᪮     ⮩    ࠡ뢠
  ᨢ  ⠡. 

                              

             ᯮᮡ       8-⮢
権  ଠ樨    ।     8-⮢ ॣ஢ 
. 
             ணࠬ ᫮,
।   ॣ. 
             -   ॣ  
㣮 ॣ. 
             -  ᯮ
BC  DE   , . 
          -  ࠭ । ᫠. 
            HL     । ᫠ 
ணࠬ. 
            -    ணࠬ,
  ᮤন 8-⮢ ᫮. 
             -IX    IY  ᯮ 
  砫 ⠡  ,    ॣ ࠭
8-⮢  ᫮.  饭    砫  ⠡   
  ணࠬ. 
         ।         ᫮  ⠪,    砥
室,     ணࠬ. 
           ᯮᮡ 樨 ⢥ ᯮᮡ ।
ଠ樨        .  㣨 樨 
᪠. 

                           
            権 㧪   㪨

     MNEMONIC          SYTES    TIME     EFFECT ON FLAGE
                                TAKEN    C  Z  PV  S  N  H

 LD REGISTER,REGISTER     1       4      -  -  -   -  -  -
 LD REGISTER,NUMBER       2       7      -  -  -   -  -  -

 LD A, (ADDRESS)          3      13      -  -  -   -  -  -
 LD (ADDRESS), A          3      13      -  -  -   -  -  -

 LD REGISTER,(HL)         1       7      -  -  -   -  -  -
 LD A,(BC)                1       7      -  -  -   -  -  -
 LD A,(DC)                1       7      -  -  -   -  -  -
 LD (HL),REGISTER         1       7      -  -  -   -  -  -
 LD (BC),A                1       7      -  -  -   -  -  -
 LD (DE),A                1       7      -  -  -   -  -  -

 LD REGISTER,(IX+)       3      19      -  -  -   -  -  -
 LD REGISTER,(IY+)       3      19      -  -  -   -  -  -
 LD (IX+),REGISTER       3      19      -  -  -   -  -  -
 LD (IY+),REGISTER       3      19      -  -  -   -  -  -

 LD (HL),NUMBER           2      10      -  -  -   -  -  -
 LD (IX+),NUMBER         4      19      -  -  -   -  -  -
 LD (IY+),NUMBER         4      19      -  -  -   -  -  -

MNEMONIC  -  ᪮  祭;  BYTES  - ⢮
⮢; 
TIME TAKEN - 稢 ६; EFFECT ON FLAGE - ﭨ
䫠 ᫥ 믮; REGISTER -ॣ; NUMBER - ᫮; 
ADDRESS - . 

                   祭  䫠: 
#  -  㪠뢠,  䫠   १ 樨; 
0  -  㪠뢠,    䫠  襭; 
1  -  㪠뢠,  䫠 ⠭; 
-  -  㪠뢠,  䫠 ⠥ . 
