
          PRINT, ⠪   INK, PAPER,  OVER  ..  ᭮
         ⬥,      窨    窥   祭 ०
         OVER 1 ਢ   ࠭. ਬ:

                         10 PLOT 120, 120
                         15 PAUSE 10
                         20 PLOT OVER 1; 120,120
                         30 PAUSE 10
                         40 GO TO 10

               PLOT   筮 ⢨. ᫥  ᯮ-
             ⥬  ६  COORDS (23677=5C7DH) 
         न ᫥ ⠭ 窨.

                          DRAW x,y  DRAW x,y,z
                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
               㦨  ᮢ  ࠭ १  
          㦭⥩    ଠ. DRAW x, y - 㦨  -
         ᮢ १ . DRAW x,y,z -  ᮢ   -
         ⥩.      㣠   ஢    ⮩  窨,
          뫠 ⠭ ᫥  न ன ࠭
           ⥬  ६  COORDS  (23677=5C7DH)    窥,
          ⮨  室  x ᥫ  ਧ⠫   y
         ᥫ  ⨪.  ࠧ, ࠬ x  y ।-
           न   १ (㣨)  ࠭,   "ᬥ饭"
          १ (㣨)   砫    ⥫묨.

              ࠬ z    ᮢ  㦭⥩  
         䠪 ਢ 㣨,   筥  㣮 㣨,  ७ 
         ࠤ.    㣮, ⥬  ਢ 㣨.  ᫨
           ࠢ  ,    䠪᪨  㣠  㫥 ਢ 
         ॢ頥   .
+                                    - 32 -

               祭 㤮  㣮 㣨  ࠤ.   ࠤ
         ࠡ -⠪ ਢ筥, ⮬ 筮  ⥬, 
         "" ,  ⠪ ᫮ ""   ࠬ  z
         ⠢ ࠦ a*PI/180. 砥:

                         DRAW x,y,a*PI/180

               ࠬ "a"    ࠤ.

               ⠪    ᫥ ⥫:

              1. ࠬ x  y   ࠦ  ᫮, ⠪   
         ᫮묨  ࠨ᪨ ࠦﬨ.  ⮫쪮,  ⮡
         ᫥   ࠦ १ 砫  楫᫥-
           ⮡  ᮢ १ (㣨)  ந室  室
          । ࠭ ᪮.

              2.  ࠡ  DRAW ᮢ襭   १
          ⢨ 뫠 祭 ᫥ ࠭ ⠭ -
          -    १  PLOT,    १ 㣮
          DRAW,     १  CIRCLE,   -
         ᬮਬ  .  ࠡ DRAW  ⮫쪮 ,   ᮤ-
           ⥬ ६ COORDS.    ᠬ ⠭-
            ,   㦭,    POKE.

              3.   DRAW,    (),   砥   
         室 ,    COORDS. ।,    㦥
           ⠪  ᮢ.    ᮢ   ⢨⥫쭮  祭
         ,   ࠭   㦭  .

              4.  稢  ࠡ,    DRAW ⠢  ⥬
         ६  COORDS  न  ᫥  窨.  
         DRAW 㤥 ࠡ  ⮩ 窨,  ன 稫  ࠡ
         ।.

              5.  DRAW,    PLOT, ᪠ ᯮ짮-
            ᥡ 䨪஢   PRINT  - INK, PAPER,
         FLASH, BRIGHT, OVER, INVERSE.
+                                    - 33 -

                                 CIRCLE x,y,r
                                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~
               ⮩   ࠭ ࠦ 㦭   -
         ⠬ 業 x,y,  ࠤ r. ᫨ ࠤ ࠢ  ,
          㦭 ஦  몭 .   砭,
         ᤥ   DRAW,   ⭥ᥭ   ⮩ .

                   1.3.3   ᪠஢ ࠭.

               ࠡ  䨪   室  ⮫쪮  -
         ,     ணࠬ ।    ⠭  
         ⮬       ⮩   न.  -
         ᪨    ᪠஢ ࠭.     
         ⥩,       -  ᤥ,  
          ,   筮 । ਬ   ࠪ-
         . 筮,     室 ᪠஢  -
         ,     ࠧ⮩ ⥬   筮 쥧
         ⮢  ணࠬ.        । ᯮ
         ,   ਬ    設  .    ,
         ⠪            ,
         ᫨      㪠.

              ⠪,  ᪠஢ ࠭    襬  ᯮ-
            㭪樨 - POINT, ATTR  SCREEN$.   ॡ
           맮  㪠  न     砭 ࠡ 뤠
         १,    ஠஢.

                                  POINT x,y
                                 ~~~~~~~~~~
               祭  㭪 ஢ 祭     -
         ᥫ  न⠬  x,y (0<x<255; 0<y<175).  ᫨  祭  -
         㭪 頥 1,  ᫨ 몫祭 - 0.

              ⥩訩 ᯮᮡ ਬ   ઠ  -   -
         ન    饭  ᭠   楫   .  ᫥
          蠣 ६饭 ᭠鸞  ࠭     
          㭪樨 PLOT  ஢ ᥫ, 室騩   ।-
         ⢥ । . ᫨ ,  ᥫ 祭,  
+                                    - 34 -

         ⠬ -  - .   믮 室 GO SUB  
         ணࠬ,  ࠧ   ⠬ , ᫨  窨
          ࠧ ⨭ 뢠.

                 㣨   ᯮ짮 㭪樨  POINT. 
         ਢ    ᫮  ணࠬ,    ᯮ   
         㭪  ਣ쭮 ࠦ ⪨ ᮮ饭.

                ⠩ ᫮   6 ᨬ.

              10  LET x=0: LET y=0: LET e=2: LET f=160
              20  INPUT "WORD? "; A$
              30  IF LEN A$ >6 THEN GO TO 20
              40  PRINT AT 0,0; A$
              50  FOR s=0 TO LEN A$*8
              60  FOR t=175 TO 168 STEP -1
              70  IF POINT (s,t)=1 THEN GO SUB 200
              80  LET y=y+e
              90  NEXT t
             100  LET y=0: LET x=x+e:
             110  NEXT s
             120  LET f=90: LET e=2: LET x=0: GO TO 50
             200  PLOT x,f -(y+e): DRAW 0,e
             210  PLOT x,f-y: DRAW e,0
             220  PLOT x+e,f-y: DRAW 0,e
             230  PLOT x+e,f-(y+e): DRAW -e,0
             240  LET e=e+0.5
             250  RETURN

                ⠩ ᫮   10 ᨬ.

              10  LET y=0
              20  BORDER 0
              30  PAPER 0
              40  INK 7
              50  CLS
              60  PRINT "WORD?"
              70  INPUT A$
+                                    - 35 -

              80  CLS
              90  IF LEN A$ > 10 THEN GO TO 60
             100  PRINT INK 0; AT 0,0; A$
             110  PLOT 0,75
             120  DRAW 255,0
             130  LET  d=LEN A$*8
             140  LET x= 127-(d*3/2)
             150  FOR s=0 TO d*8
             160  FOR t= 168 TO 175
             170  IF POINT (s,t)=1 THEN GO SUB 300
             180  LET y=y+5
             190  NEXT t
             200  LET y=0
             210  LET x=x+3
             220  NEXT s
             230  STOP
             300  FOR m=1 TO 1 STEP -1
             310  CIRCLE x,75+y,m
             320  CIRCLE x, 75-y,m
             330  NEXT m
             340  RETURN

                                ATTR (Y,X)
                                ~~~~~~~~~~~
               㭪   ।,  梥⮢  -
          ⠭   饬     न⠬
         Y,X  (0<Y<21;  0<X<31).    ,  न   
         ᥫ,   .

              㭪 頥 ᫮   0   255,  ண  
         । ਡ INK, PAPER, BRIGHT  FLASH, ᮣ᭮  -
         ⮢ ᪫ 梥⮢ ਡ⮢ (. . 8).   ,
          ᫮ ࠧ :

            A = INK + PAPER*8 + BRIGHT*64 + FLASH * 128

         , ᮮ⢥⢥,           
          ਡ⮢.
+                                    - 36 -

                   FLASH = INT (A/128):  A = A - FLASH*128:
                   BRIGHT = INT (A/64):  A = A - BRIGHT*64:
                   PAPER = INT (A/8):    A = A - PAPER*8:
                   INK = A

              ᫨   襬 ᪮ ਬ   ᭠-
         ,    㭪     ।    
          ᭠.     ⥩  ⠪:

              1. 롨   梥  PAPER   ⢥ 䮭  ஢
         ࠭.

              2.  ᥡ ,   㦥᪨ ᪠  -
             梥⮬,  ࠦ᪨  ᪠ - , ஭
         ।   묨 (⥫쭮)  묨 (-
         ⮭ ᮮ㦥).

              3. ᫥ ⮣,  㭪 PLOT ।,  । ᭠-
         冷 - , 㭪樥 ATTR ஢,  ⠬  祭
         ਡ.  ।  梥  INK          ⨬
         ꥪ⮬.
                 - ᫨ 梥  -  ;
                 - ᫨   -  窨;
                 - ᫨  , ꥪ ࠥ  ࠭, 
                    ⠥ ஡;
                 - ᫨  ,  祣  ந室.

              筮, 奬  饭  ।,  ᠬ  楯-
          ஢ન 樨,   ன 室 ன ணࠬ,  
           梥⮢ ਡ⮢ ᥤ   -
          祭  祭 .

                                SCREEN$ (Y,X)
                                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
                㭪  뢠        魠,   祬
         ATTR(Y,X).  뤠 ᨬ,  ᮤন   ,
           न⠬  Y    X  (0<Y<21;  0<X<31).   
         ᨬ,   ᫮    ᯥ ਬ 
+                                    - 37 -

              PRINT AT 10,10;"X"; AT 0,0; SCREEN$ (10,10)

              㭪 ࠡ⠥  ᫥騬 ࠧ.   ⠥   
           8 ⮢ 蠡 ⮣ ࠦ, ஥ 室
           ,  ⮬ ࠢ  8 ⮢   -
         ઠ  ⮢    .  ᫨ ⠬ 室 ࠢ
         쬥ઠ,   ,  ᨬ ,  ᫨ ,  
         㭪 頥  ப.

               ᮦ,    ᯮ ᨬ 䨪 -
         ⥫, ..  蠡  室   ,   
         ᯥ樠쭮  ⮣ ⢥   .    
            ﭨ ᯮ  ᨬ 筮  䨪, ..  
            蠡  ,  直 ࠧ   -
              ᢮ .    
         .    ࠧ  2.10   ਢ 㭨ᠫ ᪠
         ணࠬ,    ⮫쪮 ᯮ ᨬ  䨪 -
         ⥫,   ᨬ 筮 䨪.

              ᫨    襬 ।饬 ਬ   ᭠冷,
           ⮫쪮 । ,  ஬ ⭮ ꥪ,  
          筮 㪠   ⠪, ஠஢   ࠦ.
         , ਬ,  ᬮ ⫨ ࠦ᪨ ⠭  ᠬ 
         -ࠧ ࠧ 業 ࠦ.














+                                    - 38 -

                         1.4     

                     1.4.1   䨪 짮⥫.

              짮⥫ , ᮢ⨬  ZX-Spectrum  
         ᪮쪮   㯭    ᨬ,  ᯮ짮
          ⮣ ⠪ 뢠 ᨬ 䨪 짮⥫.

                孨      , 稭  
         65368      65535 室   UDG-䨪 (䨪
         짮⥫).   168  ⮢ , ᪮   
         ᨬ 室  8  ⮢,      21
         ᨬ.

                砫  䨪 짮⥫ 㪠뢠  ⥬
         ६  UDG,  室      23675 (5C7BH). 
          䨪 짮⥫ -  䨧᪨  ⨢
          ,     㪠뢠 ⥬  ६
         P_RAMT (23732 = 5CB4H).

                       ᨬ  "ਢ易"   
         蠬   A   U   䠢⭮ 浪   뤠  ࠭
          ᨬ  ⨥   ᮮ⢥ ,   
          ,   室  ᪮ ०,  ..
         ⮨ ᪨  "G".  ० 砥   몫-
          ६ ⨥   CAPS SHIFT  "9".

                  ६ ஢  ਬ   
         "A",    祣  ᭮,  ஬  ᨬ "A"  ,
         ᪮   ନ஢   UDG   蠡.

              ᬮਬ ࠡ   䨪  짮⥫   ⭮
         ਬ. ।,     ࠧ ⮫,  騩
         ࠧ 24  X 16  ᥫ   騩   ࠭ 6 .
         ⥫쭮,    ⠪   蠡   ᨬ
         UDG (A,B,C,D,E,F),  ⮡ ᯥ⠭   ࠭   ᫥饬
         浪,  ࠧ  ⮫ (. 9).

+                                    - 39 -

                                 Ŀ
                                  A  B  C 
                                 ĳ
                                  D  E  F 
                                 
              Ŀ
               A              B                           C 
                               X X                          
              X X X X X X X XX X X X X X X XX X X X X       
                               X X                          
                          X XX X X X              X     X   
                        X    X X X X X X            X X X   
                      X      X X X X X X X XX X X X X X     
              _____ X________X___X____ X_X_XX_X_X_______X___
                  X X X X X XX   X     X X X              X 
                  X X        X X X X X X X                  
                  X X       XX X X X X X X                  
                      X X X XX X X X X X                    
                        X        X                          
                  X X X X X XX X X X X X                    
                                                            
               D                         E                F 
              
                                  . 9

              ᬮਬ ஡   ᮧ 蠡   ਬ -
         ᪮ ᨬ "B" (. 10).

               ࠧ,  筮 ᫠  , 稭  
          ᯮ  ᨬ 䨪  짮⥫ "B"  ᥬ
         ⮢ 0, 96, 255, 96, 240, 248, 255, 167   "B"   -
         ᪮  ०  㤥  ।.  ⠫ ⮫쪮 ࠧ᪠
         , 稭  ண   ࠧ饭  쬨-
          蠡.

                  "㬮᪠"  㭪 USR.   
         ⮣  㦨, ⮡ ᪨  蠡 ᨬ -
          짮⥫.
+                                    - 40 -

              128  64  32  16  8   4   2   1
             Ŀ
                                       0000 0000 = 0
             Ĵ
                 X  X                  0110 0000 = 96
             Ĵ
              X  X  X  X  X  X  X  X   1111 1111 = 255
             Ĵ
                 X  X                  0110 0000 = 96
             Ĵ
              X  X  X  X               1111 0000 = 240
             Ĵ
              X  X  X  X  X            1111 1000 = 248
             Ĵ
              X  X  X  X  X  X  X  X   1111 1111 = 255
             Ĵ
              X     X        X  X  X   1010 0111 = 167
             
                          . 10

                PRINT USR "b" -    ,    
           祭 㦥.     ॡ ⮫쪮 ᫠  㤠 8
         ⮢. ࣠ 横:

                       10  FOR i = 0 TO 7
                       20  READ a: POKE USR "b"+i, a
                       30  NEXT i
                       40  DATA 0, 96, 255, 96, 240, 248, 255, 167

              筮 ⠪      ⠫ ᨬ  A,C,D,E,F.
          ࠢ, ᫨   ࠧ ⮫, ਢ  
         蠡.

              A:  0, 0, 255, 0, 3, 4, 8, 16
              C:  0, 0, 248, 0, 18, 14, 252, 226
              D:  63, 48, 49, 15, 4, 63, 0, 0
              E:  167, 254, 254, 252, 32, 252, 0, 0
              F:  1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
+                                    - 41 -

                ⮫ 㤥 ⠭ ਬ ⠪:

              100 PRINT AT 10,15 "ABC"
              110 PRINT AT 11,15 "CDE"

                 ⮫쪮,   ᨬ   A   E  
         ᪮ ०.

              1.4.2.   ᨬ 䨪 짮⥫.

                䨪  짮⥫    㬥 㪠  
         祭 .         砩訥  ப ᤥ
          饩 ઠ , ࠧࠡ 業 ணࠬ
             ਫ      㣮. ⢥
         ⮪  ⮨  ⮬,  21 ᨬ -   祭  -
         ,    .  , ਬ,   ᪮쪮
         ⮢ ࠭   ᨬ     室
         ४      㣮,  믮  ⥬
         ⠭     ⥪饣.

                 ࠧ  21*8 =168 ⮢   ᪠ 
           ⮣  ,      ࠭,  , ⢥ 
         ᨬ UDG,   । ६, ᫨   -
             ,  ⮬    ᯮ㥬 
         楤  設 .

               UDG ࠭   . ணࠬ 
         뢠 ᮤন   UDG      , ,
         믮 㧪 ⮣,    室    ,
         ⢥  ᨬ 䨪 짮⥫, 祬  
            -ணࠬ, ⠪    אַ  .
           ᫥騩 ଠ:

              -      n (n=1...4):

                 RANDOMIZE USR address: REM Wn

              -  뢠    n:
+                                    - 42 -

                 RANDOMIZE USR address: REM Ln

              ࠬ address - ,  ண 稭  ਢ-
           ணࠬ.  ⨬ ᮬ 易  ,   
         ᯮ   ᨬ UDG.   ᠬ  
          ,   㤮,     ਢ-
          ,   ᯮ짮 ⥬,  㦥 .  
         ⠭ 砫   64000.  ᫨     -
         ,      㤥      祭  ப DATA,
          祭  "*".

              筮,   ப DATA  "*"   㦭.

                           ᨪ-稪.

              5   LET addr = 640000
             10   CLEAR addr-1
             20   FOR k = addr TO addr+16: READ a: POKE k,a: NEXT k
             30   FOR k = addr+30 TO addr+47: READ a: POKE k,a: NEXT k
             40   FOR k = addr+60 TO addr+77: READ a: POKE k,a: NEXT k

             50   DATA    42,  93,  92,  35,  35
             60   DATA   126, 254,  87, 202, *30
             70   DATA  *250, 254,  76, 202, *60
             50   DATA  *250, 201,  35, 126, 214
             80   DATA    48,  33,  88, 255,  17
             90   DATA     0,*250, 130,  87,   1
            100   DATA   168,   0, 237, 176, 201
            110   DATA    35, 126, 214,  48,  17
            120   DATA    88, 255,  33,   0,*250
            130   DATA   132, 103,   1, 168,   0
            140   DATA   237, 176, 201


                          ᥬ ணࠬ:

         64000   2A5D5C        LD HL,(5C5DH)  ; 5C5DH=23645 DEC.  -
                                              ; ⥬ ६
+                                    - 43 -

                                              ;CH_ADD.  ६ ࠡ
                                              ;-ணࠬ  -
                                              ;ন  ।
                                              ;ᨬ ࠡ뢠
                                              ;-ப.
                                              ;᪮   ᯮ-
                                              ; RANDOMIZE USR, 
                                              ; ⥬ ६
                                              ;㪠뢠  ᨬ ":"
                                              ;(稥).
         64003       23        INC HL         ; HL 㪠뢠 
                                              ;祢 ᫮ REM.
         64004       23        INC HL         ;HL 㪠뢠  ᨬ,
                                              ;騩  REM.  
                                              ;"W",  "L".
         64005       7E        LD A,(HL)      ;ਭ﫨   
         64006     FE57        CP 57H         ;ࠢ   57H.
                                              ;57H=87 DEC -   -
                                              ; "W".
        *64008   CA1EFA        JP Z,FA1EH     ;᫨  ,  室
                                              ;  FA1EH = 64030.
         64011     FE4C        CP 4CH         ;ࠢ   4CH.
                                              ;4CH=76 DEC -   -
                                              ; "L".
        *64013   CA3CFA        JP Z,FA3CH     ;᫨  ,  室
                                              ;  FA3CH = 64060.
         64016       C9        RET            ;  .

                ணࠬ   , ᫨ 뫠   
         RANDOMIZE USR addr: REM Wn,       ᨬ-
             UDG  n- , .

         64030       23        INC HL         ; HL 㪠뢠 
                                              ;ᨬ, 騩 ᫥ "W"
                                              ;    
                                              ;1  4.
         64031       7E        LD A,(HL)      ;ਭ﫨 ᨬ ⮩ 
                                              ; .
+                                    - 44 -

         64032     D630        SUB 30H        ;﫨 30H (48 DEC). 
                                              ; ⮬,  ᨬ 
                                              ;稭  48- .
                                              ; 48 ᮮ⢥
                                              ; "0".  
                                              ;⠭,  稬
                                              ;   - ᠬ
                                              ;.
         64034   2158FF        LD HL,FF58H    ;⠭  HL 㪠
                                              ;  FF58H=65368 DEC.
                                              ; "㬥" ⠭⭮
                                              ; ⮣  稭
                                              ;蠡 ᨬ UDG.
        *64037   1100FA        LD DE, FA00H   ;⠭  DE 
                                              ;64000.
         64040       82        ADD A,D        ;
         64041       57        LD D,A         ; DE ᮤন ,
                                              ;ࠢ 64000+256*n, 
                                              ;n -  (1...4).
         64042   01A800        LD BC,00A8     ;稪 ६頥
                                              ;⮢ - A8H=168 DEC.
         64045     EDB0        LDIR           ;筮 ६饭
                                              ;168 ⮢  ,
                                              ;  㪠뢠 HL
                                              ; ,  
                                              ;㪠뢠 DE.
         64047       C9        RET            ;.


                ணࠬ   , ᫨ 뫠   
         RANDOMIZE USR addr: REM Ln,       ᨬ-
            n-     UDG.

         64060       23        INC HL         ; HL 㪠뢠 
                                              ;ᨬ, 騩 ᫥ "L"
                                              ;    
                                              ;1  4.
         64061       7E        LD A,(HL)      ;ਭ﫨  ⮩ .
+                                    - 45 -

         64062     D630        SUB 30H        ;﫨 30H (48 DEC),
                                              ; 稫  
                                              ; - ᠬ .
         64064   1158FF        LD DE,FF58H    ;⠭  DE 㪠
                                              ;  FF58H = 65368
                                              ;( 砫  UDG).
        *64067   2100FA        LD HL,FA00H    ;⠭  HL 㪠
                                              ;  64000.
         64070       84        ADD A,H        ;
         64071       67        LD H,A         ;  HL ᮤন
                                              ; 64000+256*n, 
                                              ;n-  (1...4).
         64072   01A800        LD BC,00A8     ;稪 ६頥
                                              ;⮢ - A8H=168 DEC.
         64075     EDB0        LDIR           ;筮 ६饭
                                              ;168 ⮢  ,
                                              ;  㪠뢠 HL
                                              ; ,  
                                              ;㪠뢠 DE.
         64077       C9        RET            ;.

              ᫨  ࠫ  ࠭ ⮩ 楤  ADDR, 
            㤥 ࠭,  稭   ADDR +  256, ன -
         稭    ADDR  +  512    ..  ᫨     
         室    ADDR,        㤥   
         ப, 祭  "*".












+                                    - 46 -

                  2.        

                訬 ⠭ ᫮ "ୠ 䨪",  
          ࠧ ।⠢ ᫮ 梥 嬥  -
         ࠦ  ⥫쭮, ⮡   ⮬ - ,  ,
         ᫨ , ॥     .

               , 筮  ⠪,  稭 ୠ -
         , ⥬  ,   ⮣.     
         PRINT "*"    ,  㦥 ࠡ⠥  䨪,  
         ⮬    뢠.    ⠪,    ⮫쪮 
          -,  ਢ   ࠦ   ࠭
         襣 ⥫  ,  㦥  ୮
         䨪,  ᮡ  ᫨    ⭮,  祬   
         ந室  ⠪,       - ⥯  
          ࠢ.

              ⠪, ᫨      ⠥    襬
         ࠭,   ॡ 來  ࠦ   ⮣,
         ⮡ ,     ୠ 䨪   㡥  ᢮
         㧥,     ᪨ ᯮᮡ.  , ᫨ 
         ᤥ   ᠬ  設  ?  ᫨  ⮬   
           ⠥,        窠?    ਭ
         ᮢᥬ 㣮 ,  ࠢ ? ⠪,      ନ-
         ,   楫ࠢ   ᨫ,  ᯮᮡ  -
          -   ᯮᮡ,   ॠ.

              ᫨   諨    筮 ६, ⮡  -
          ணࠬ஢  設 ,    ⮫쪮 㧨
          ᢮ 孨᪨ ⥩,   ࠭稫 -
            ᠬࠦ,   쭥 ⢮᪨  ᪮. 
         ਬ  ⠭ 窨   ࠧ  㦨   ⮣,
         ⮡  ।⠢  ⮬,    䨪 祭  
          ⮫쪮  १,   ,    ਢ.

               ⮩   ஡㥬    ᭮,   -
         室  ⮣, ⮡  ᯥਬ  䨪   -
         設 .       㣮 , 易   -
+                                    - 47 -

         ࠬ஢   "㬥",         
         뢠 ⨭.    ᥣ, ""   
           ⮬, ⮡  ᤥ  蠣,    ᠬ
         ஥ ᢮ ⠫.


                        2.1      

              ࢮ,   ॡ,  ࠧ   楯樥
         ⮪   "㬠".   稭  짮-
         ⥫ "㬠" ⠪ ,    ⮪  -
         ,   ࣮ 祭,   ᠬ  
           뢠  ᭠  楯,     
               ,    㣨 ᯮᮡ   ⠪
         .

                ,     뢠  ⮪ 
         ,   ணࠬ  設 ,     -
         .

               ।⠢ ᥡ,   -  ஥  孨-
         ᪮  ன⢮,  ᯮ㥬   /뢮 ଠ樨.
         , ࠢ,  ,    -   ᥣ 孨᪮
         ன⢮. ,  ਬ,    䠩   ᪥ ,
         ᪠,      襣  .   䠩  ⮦ 
          ଠ    㤠 뢠.

                ᥣ  ।⠢  楯    ⮪ 
         ਬ ᪮ ०  ᫥묨    -
         .  ஭     ᫥    ४.
          ,      -   ,      ४,
             -  ⮪, 祭  .

              ,      㡮    ⮩ 楯樥,
           ଠ  襬  "ZX-" (N12,  1991.,
         .227; N 5,6, 1992 .,. 111),    ᬮਬ   -
           쭮 室 ꥬ.

+                                    - 48 -

              ⠭묨    "㬠"   뢮 ଠ樨
           "" -    ப ࠭  (⥬ -
         ), "S" -    ࠭  "P" - ⠭  "ZX-ਭ-
         ".

               ⨬  ⠭⭮ 祭 ⮪:

              - ⮪ #0 -   "";
              - ⮪ #1 - ⮦ 祭   "K";
              - ⮪ #2 - 祭   "S";
              - ⮪ #3 -   "P".

               ࠧ,  뢠 묨  ᫥騥 
         /뢮:

             PRINT #0 "Hello"; A$ -   ᠬ,   INPUT "Hello"; A$
             PRINT "Hello" -   ᠬ,   PRINT #2 "Hello"
             LPRINT "Hello" -   ᠬ,   PRINT #3 "Hello"

             , 騩  ᫥   #   襯ਢ ਬ,
          ஬ ⮪. ᪮  ⮪ 祭  ⠭-
         ⭮    ९祭      ,  ணࠬ㥬 
           ᯮ㥬  INPUT, PRINT, LPRINT   㪠-
           ⮪.

               ,  ᠫ ⠭   ⮪,  
            ⠭묨. , ᫨  ࠡ⠥  쭮
         ,   ⠭   ,  ஬   -
          ⮪.

               ,  ""     ६ -
          ⮫쪮  . ਬ,   ⠥  ࠭,
           ਭ. ६ 뤠 ଠ  㤠  -
             ,  ⮬      ६ ⢮
         ⮫쪮    /뢮 , ᮮ⢥⢥,  ⮫쪮 
         ⮪,  易    .       ⮪ 뢠
         ⥪騬.  設⢥ 砥,    ࠡ⠥   -
         ஬, ⥪騬   "K", ᪮쪮 ० -  "S".
+                                    - 49 -

              ணࠬ  設  , ४    "K"
          "S" ( ) 祭 . ଠ  ⮬,  
          ⥪騬    ,  㫥   ⥬
         ६ TVFLAG (53H -  23612).    몫祭   (ࠢ
         ), ᯮ  "S",   祭 - "K".

               訥 楤 த ࠧ    -
         짮.
                               _S

              213C5C            LD HL,TVFLAG
              3600              LD (HL),00     ; 몫稫  0 ⥬-
                                               ;  ६ TVFLAG.
              3E2A      LOOP    LD A,42        ; 㧨  
                                               ; ᫮ 42 ( ᨬ
                                               ; "*".
              D7                RST 10H        ; 뤠    -
                                               ; 饬  , 
                                               ; 室  -
                                               ; .
              18FB              JR LOOP        ;   .


                               _K

              213C5C            LD HL,TVFLAG
              3601              LD (TVFLAG),01 ; 稫  0 ⥬-
                                               ;  ६ TVFLAG.
              3E2A      LOOP    LD A,42
              D7                RST 10H        ;  ᨬ "*".
              18FB              JR LOOP        ;   .


                  ४     "S"   "K" 
          "P".  ⮦ 筮   .   
          ⥬ ६ FLAGS (5C3BH - 23611).    
         몫祭   "S"  "K",  祭   "P".

+                                    - 50 -

                               _P

              213B5C            LD HL,FLAGS
              CBCE              SET 1,(FLAGS)  ; 稫  1 ⥬-
                                               ;  ६ FLAGS.
              0600              LD B,00        ; 㫥 稪
                                               ; (⮢  
                                               ; 256- ᨬ).
              3E2A      LOOP    LD A,42
              D7                RST 10H        ;  ᨬ "*".
              10FB              DJNZ LOOP      ;   ,
                                               ;  稪  ⨣-
                                               ;  .
              9                RET            ;   뢠
                                               ; ணࠬ.

                ⠪  ⥪騩 , ४稢  
         㣮 ⮪.   ᤥ 맮 楤 ,  뢠-
         饩 CHAN_OPEN  室饩   1601H. । ⥬,  
          뢠, ᫥   ⠭   
         ⮪.

              3E02              LD A,02        ;   
                                               ; ⮪.
              CD0116            CALL 1601H     ;   ⥪騬.
              3E2A      LOOP    LD A,42
              D7                RST 10H
              18FB              JR LOOP

               室     ⮬,  ᫨   ᯮ-
         㥬     設     RST 10H,
               ,    뤠  ଠ   
          . ०, 祬    ,  
          ⥫, ⮡  ⠫,  ᭠砫 ।,  㤠
          㤥    .

               RST  10H    ᯮ짮    
         ᨬ,   ᨬ  ⠭ ASCII  ᪨  ᨬ-
+                                    - 51 -

         .     ࠢ騩 ᨬ    ⮪ 祢
         ᫮ ⠭⭮ .   ⮣,    -
         ,      RST 10H.  ⮬ -
          ᨬ     , ࠢ騥   ᤥ
         ,   ,  ⮪ 祢 ᫮  ࠧ  
          ⮫쪮 , ᪮쪮  㪢  ⮬ 祢  ᫮.
            ⠪ ,     RST 10H    
         ᮤন ॣ஢ ,  ஬ BC', DE'  (ୠ⨢-
         )  ,    ᥣ.


                      2.2      

                            2.2.1.  ᥫ.

              1.  ᫠   0   9. 믮   楫 ᫠
          0  9   ᯮᮡ.

              -,      ᯮᮡ,  
             㣮  ᨬ.    ⮣     
            (  0 - 48 (30H),...   9 - 57  (39H)) 
           RST 10H.

              -,   ᫮ , 㧨   -
            ,  ᠬ ᫮,   ⮬ 砥  ᫥
         믮   RST  10H,  맮 ᯥ樠쭮   ⮣
         ।祭 楤  - CALL 15EFH (  
         - 5615),  뢠 OUT_CODE. , 筮, 㤮,  
         ᢮  ࠡ    楤    ॣ  E (  
         ).

                  ஬  ਠ,    뫠 
          ᠬ ᫮,    , ⥬ ਡ   
         30H (砥  )  ⥬  RST 10H.

                            LD A,N
                            ADD A,30H
                            RST 10
+                                    - 52 -

               室     ᠬ,   CALL OUT_CODE, 
           ॣ E.

              2.  ᫠  0  9999.
                 楫 ᥫ,   祬  10000,   
         ᫮  ॣ஢  BC  맮 楤  OUT_NUM_1.
          室   1A1BH (6683).

              ᫨  ᫮ ᮤন    ⮢   ⭮
           ,    ᯮ짮 楤ன  
         OUT_NUM_2 (1A28H = 6696).  ⮬ 砥 । 맮 楤
           ॣ஢   HL ᫠ ,   ஬ 室
          ᫮.

                ⮬    㣮  砥, ᫨   ஡ १ 
         楤  ᯥ  ᫮,  ஥   9999, १
         㤥 .

              3.  ᫠  0  65535.
                ⮬  砥    ᫮  ⮦    饭 
         ॣ஢    BC,      ⫨稥    ।饣  
         室    맮 楤 ,  .

              砫    ஢  ⥣ࠫ (-
         ⨡ )  饭  ⥪ .   
         맮 楤 STACK_BC (CALL 2D2BH = 11563).  ⮫쪮 ᫥
         ⮣      ⠭,   ⢨⥫쭮 ᫮  
         饩 窮.   믮 맮 楤  PRINT_FP,
         ᯮ   2DE3H (11747).

              4. ⥫ 楫 ᫠.
               ""    2DH.     ,
         믮 RST  10H   ᮫ 稭  ᫠ ⠩, 
          .

              5. ந  ⢨⥫ ᫠  (᫠   饩
         窮).

+                                    - 53 -

               ᫮  5 ⮢  ࠭     -
         ,    ॣ஢  .   ⮬ 砥  
           ਭ   ⮣, ⮡ ।⥫쭮 ࠧ-
            設 ⥪ .   ᤥ,  -
          楤 PRINT_FP (2DE3H=11747) ⠥   ࠭.

                ᤥ  ।०  ,   ࠡ-
         ⠥  ஬ "㬠", ""  .

              -, ᫥ ࠡ PRINT_FP ᫮  ⥪  -
          ᭨ , ᫨     ॡ,   -
          ।⥫쭮 த㡫஢ 設 ⥪  -
          (ᮮ⢥     ᢮   
          - . " 蠣   設 ", .:   "",
         1990.,1992.).

              -,    楤  , 㦨 ,
          訡.   砥  ⮬,    ᫮   맮
         PRINT_FP ᭨  ⥪  ᥣ. ᫨  ⢨⥫쭮
         ᫮ 室    -1  +1 ( ᪫砥),  
          襣 ᫠   設 ⥪ ⠥ 0.  頩 
          .

                         2.2.2.  ᨬ ப.

                  ࠩ   ᯮᮡ   ⥪⮢
         ᮮ饭, ᫨  ࠡ⠥  設 .    -
           ⥪  ࠭     稭
          ⭮  .

               ⮩ ⮤ ⮨  ᫥饬. ஢  
         DE  ᮤঠ ,  ண 稭   ᨬ-
          ப,    ॣ஢  BC 室  ।⥫쭮
         ⠭  ⮩ ப.  믮 맮 -
          PR_STRING,  室   203H (8252).

              -, ᨬ쭠  ப      祭 
         १ ࠡ ஥  .  ⮬  砥 
+                                    - 54 -

         室  設 ⥪     ⠭
         אַ 㤠 맮 楤  PR_STR_1 ( 2036H=8246).

               , ᠬ 魠,    ਬ
          設⢥  砥   ஢, ਪ   ⥬ -
         ࠬ.

                  楫    N ࠧ ᮮ饭.  
         , ⨬,     k- ᮮ饭.   
         ⢮ ᫥騬 ࠧ:

              - ⠭   ᫮ k-1;
              - ⠭  ॣ஢   DE , 㪠뢠騩  
         , 室騩 ।  ⮬ ᠬ ࢮ  ᮮ饭
          襩 ⠡ ᮮ饭.   ,    
             ࠢ  80H,   , 祬  FFH, .. 訩
         (ᥤ쬮)   ⮬    祭 (   -
         ஬ 砫 ⥪⮢ ᮮ饭);

              - 맮 楤 PO_MSG (0C0AH=3082)   ᮮ饭
         㤥 ⠭  ࠭.

              祬,  ⮣ ⮤   ࠭祭  ॡ.
          室 ⠪     ணࠬ஢:

              -  ⨬  ᯮ짮  ᪨  ᨬ   
         ⮪ 祢  ᫮ ,  ..   ⠥ ᨬ
             128  (80H). 祬,      
         ᨬ ,   ६ ᨬ ASCII  㦭  
         ᪨ 蠡;

              - -,     ⠡ ᮮ饭
         ᤥ  ⠪,  ⮡  ᫥  ᨬ   ᮮ饭 
         祭 7- , ⥬ ᠬ  㤥 㦨 થ஬  
         i-  ᮮ饭      ᥣ    ,   
         ,  㦭  ᮮ饭;

              -  ⠡     ப.
+                                    - 55 -

                            2.2.3.   ᮢ.

                 䨪   設 ,      
             ᮡ,  易   ࠡ⮩ ஥
         .   ⮬,      ᢮   ࠧ-
         ࠧ 訡  筮⥩,     ⠢  
           稭饬  ணࠬ.  ᥬ  㣮 ,  
         ।०.

              ⠪, -, ᫨  室 뤠  ࠭  ᨬ-
          筮 䨪 (  80H   8FH) -  ᨬ  ᯮ-
           ஢   , -  㬯  (-
         ) ⥬  ६, ᯮ      5C92H
         (23698)  5C99H (23705). ,  ⠫ " 蠣  設
         ",  ,      ࠭     祩 
         ஥  (  ⠭).   祩 M0
          M1.        ࠧ筠,   ᫨
          ⨢ ࠡ⠥  ஬       㦭,
          ਬ   ࠭   祭  㣮 ,  -
         ਬ  ⥪    㣨 祩.

              -,   ᥫ  쭮 ⨢  짮-
          楤ன  PRINT_FP,  ᯥ뢠  ᮤন
         設 ⥪ ,     ६ ᢮  ࠡ "-
         "   祥   , ..   ᮤন
         ⥬ ६  MEMBOT    5C92H  (23698)   
         5CAFH (23727).         ᥣ ࠧ筮,
          ᪫祭   ।  砥,    ⠢  ⠬ 
         ࠭   ᬮ.

                ⨩ 砩 쭮  砥  ,  
          ࠡ⠥  ஥  ஬.   ⮬,   
         ⠡ ⥬ ६  ६   MEM,
          ᯮ    5C68H (23656)    2  . 
          ࠭ ,  ஬ ᯮ   -
         , ..  ⥬ ६ MEMBOT. ᫨  筮
           祥   ,    ⠭⭮,
           ஡.   ᫨     ,   ᮧ   -
+                                    - 56 -

         ,  祣   MEMBOT , ⢥,  㪠
          , ᮤঠ饥  MEM.  , ᫥ ⠪   -
          PRINT_FP ࠢ쭮 ࠡ  ᬮ.


                     2.3    

                ᨬ  "㬠"  砥   ᥡ ⠭
         ᨬ ASCII -    20H (32)  7FH (127), ᨬ  -
           䨪,  䨪  짮⥫    ⮪  祢  ᫮
          -   80H (128)  FFH (255).  ⠢  
         襣 ७ ᨬ  0  1FH (31).   ᯮ ⠬?

                ᯮ ⠪ 뢠 ࠢ訥 ᨬ, 
          뢠  ࠢ騬   (ᨬ   뢠  
         ,      㢨).  ᠬ  
         ࠭   ந,       ࠢ
         ᮬ   ᨬ,    ⠭.

                筥    ࠢ饣    16H.    뢠 AT
         CONTROL  । न  樨   ⠪ ,   
          AT  .

               ࠢ騥 ,    㣨 ᨬ
         ⥬ ⠢ ⮣       -
         祩  RST  10H.  砥,        
         "⠭"   稬 ᨬ    祭 
          ᨬ ப.

              ᪨  AT ॡ ᫥ ᥡ 㪠  
         ࠬ஢ - न 樨    ⨪   ਧ-
         ⠫. ࠢ騩   AT  ॡ    ᠬ.   ࠬ
          ⥬   ᯮᮡ  -   ࠬ    
         뤠祩  RST 10H.

              ਢ  ᯥ⪠  뢠  設 
           PRINT AT 5,4; .

+                                    - 57 -

                           DEMO AT_5_4

              3E16        LD A,16H
              D7          RST 10H     ; PRINT AT ...
              3E05        LD A,05
              D7          RST 10H     ; 5,.....
              3E04        LD A,04
              D7          RST 10H     ; 4, ....

                 祭 ᪮쪮    設
          㤥 뤠  ६ 襯ਢ묨   RST
         10H. "", ᫨ 뤠  ࠢ騩  16H,   ᥣ
         㤥 ,      ᫠,  室 १ RST
         10H  ࠬࠬ ࠢ饣  AT_CONTOL.

                 ࠢ騩  室 ਬ, 
               䨪஢ 樨,   樨, -
           ணࠬ묨  ६묨.    設
           PRINT AT D,E ( D  E - ᮤন  ᮮ⢥-
          ॣ஢ .)

                           DEMO AT_D_E

              3E16        LD A,16H
              D7          RST 10H     ; PRINT AT ...
              7A          LD A,D
              D7          RST 10H     ; D,.....
              7B          LD A,E
              D7          RST 10H     ; E, ....

              騩 ࠢ騩 ,   ᬮਬ -  
         17H.  뢠 TAB_CONTROL -  ࠢ ⠡樥.  
         ன ⥯   ⮦  祭    TAB 
         㪠뢠   樨   ⥪饩 ப.

                ⠪ ᫥ 2 ࠬ (  訡 -  2
         ࠬ,  ᪨  ,   樨  
         筮   ).    ⮬,     ࠬ - 
+                                    - 58 -

         訩  न 樨 ,  ன ࠬ -  
         訩 . ᪮ ࠭  "㬠"  ᥣ   32
         ᨬ  ਭ, ࠧ   ⭮ 祬  㦥  -
         訩 ?      ⮬,         
         ⮫쪮  ࠭.  ᫨   ਭ? , ZX-ਭ ⮦  
         ⮫쪮 32 ᨬ  ப,        -
           ਭ,  १ 䥩. ⥫  ⥫
           ,        ਭ, 騩  ப
          255  ᨬ,    㦥   ᪨. ,
            ,   ࠡ      -
         ᬮ७.    ⮣,  ⨥  "",  ᯮᮡ 뤠
         ଠ樨,  ।ᬠਢ  ⮫쪮 ⠭  
         ⨯  ࠭    ਭ.      짮⥫᪨
          ⨯ 䠩  ᪥   ⨢ ,  
             ⪨  ᨬ  ப.

                      ࠭, ᪮    
         䨪,       ࠭  ,   室  襬
         ,      祭.    ⮬,    
          ࠬ TAB,     ⮪   -
           32,  訩  ⥭ 256 , ⢥, ⥭ 32,
         ⮬    ᮤন  ﭨ        ࠭   
         뢠.
              ਢ 楤 뢠 ࠢ騩    TAB
         CONTROL  ⢨.   ࠬ ।  ६
            ॣ  E. 뤠 ன ࠬ,   㫨
         , ᯮ짮  ⮣ 㫥  १ XOR  A,
          ࠧ   ஫  ࠥ,  뫮 XOR A    ,
          ࠢ   ࠬ ,  뫮    ⮬
         , ,   뫮.

                              DEMO TAB_E
              3E17        LD A,17
              D7          RST 10H          ; PRINT TAB...
              7B          LD A,E
              D7          RST 10H          ; E, ...
              AF          XOR A
              D7          RST 10H          ; 0 ...
+                                    - 59 -

               CHR 6 뢠 COMMA_CONTROL  믮  ,  
             PRINT.     筮 ⠪  ,  
         稥,  ᫠ 6    뤠祩  १ RST
         10H.  १  ⢨  ⢥ 樨   -
          0  16,   ᨬ  ⮣,    
         ࠭ ⠫ ᫥ .

               0DH (13) - 祭 ENTER. 뤠 ⠪   ᯥ-
         稢 ४饭    ⥪襩 ப  室   砫
         ᫥饩.

               08 - 뢠 BACKSPACE_CONTROL.  믮 ᬥ-
          樨     .

                RST 10H - 쭮    ᠬ
         ࠧࠧ ⢨.      ⮫쪮  ࠢ
         樥    ᨬ    ࠭,    ࠢ 梥⠬
         ⮣,      ந,  ..  뤠    梥⮢
         ਡ⮢. 믮   筮 ⠪   ⥬ ।⥫쭮
         ⠭   ࠢ饣    ।祩 ,  
         ⥬ ।祩 ࠬ.   㤥 ஡ ⠭
          梥⮢ ਡ  ਢ    4.
              ਬ  ਬ    ࠢ 梥⮢묨 ਡ⠬
         뢠,  믮  ᭮ 窨   ⮬
         䮭.    ,  ⠭ ⠪ ᯮᮡ
         梥⮢ ਡ  騬  ⮣,    -
            砭 ⢨  ,  ண
         뢠  楤  設 .
              3E10             LD A,10H
              D7               RST 10H     ; PRINT INK...
              3E02             LD A,02
              D7               RST 10H     ; 2;....
              3E11             LD A,11H
              D7               RST 10H     ; PAPER...
              3E06             LD A,06
              D7               RST 10H     ; 6;....
              3E2A             LD A,2A
              D7               RST 10H     ; "*";
+                                    - 60 -

                                                      4.
         Ŀ
          ࠢ騩   ࠬ            ਨ         
         Ĵ
          06 OMMA_CONTR       -                                    
          08 BACKSPACE         -                                    
          0D ENTER             -                                    
         Ĵ
          10 INK_CONTROL  00-           ࠬ 08 (࠭ᯠ- 
          11 PAPER_CONTR  01-ᨭ          ࠭) 砥,   
                          02-        梥   ⠭- 
                          03-.       ,   ,
                          04-         㦥   - 
                          05-㡮         樨 .     
                          06-           ࠬ 09 (-
                          07-          ) ⠭ 梥 
                          08-࠭ᯠ࠭ INK  PAPER - 
                          09-      㦥 饬 
                                              樨 - 
                                             梥.      
         Ĵ
          12 FLASH_CONTROL00-몫祭                               
          13 BRIGHT_CONTR 01-祭                                
                          08-࠭ᯠ࠭   . .             
         Ĵ
          14 INVERSE_CONTR00-몫祭                               
          15 OVER_CONTROL 01-祭                                
         Ĵ
          16 AT_CONTROL   ப, ⮫.                          
          17 TAB_CONTROL  訩 ,        뤠  ࠭   
                             訩 .  訩    
                                            . , ਬ 
                                            ᯮ짮  祩 
                                              ࠭ - 
                                            - ⭮ -
                                            ६.               
         

+                                    - 61 -

                      2.4.    

                "㬥"      ⢮ 
         楤      ࠢ  ⥬묨  ६묨  ⮣,
         ⮡ ⨣   䥪⮢,   ਬ ࠢ-
          . ᬮਬ  ਥ.

              PRINT AT B,C ( B  C -ᮤন   ॣ஢
         )      믮  맮  楤 AT_B_C,
         室饩   0A9BH (2715).

              PRINT TAB  A (   -  ᮤন ) 믮
         맮 楤 TAB_A (0AC3H=2755).

              ࠢ騩    06  (COMMA_CONTROL)  㫨 맮
         PO_COMMA (0A5FH=2655).

                ਥ    ⮫쪮   "S",    
          "K",  ..         ଠ   
         INPUT-ப.

                    ⠪  筮  ⮩  ᯮᮡ ࠢ
         梥⮢묨 ਡ⠬  INK, PAPER,  BRIGHT, FLASH.  ,  
         ⮣  ॡ  -        ⥬ ६
         ATTR_T  (5C8FH  =  23695),   ⢥       ६
         ਡ⮢  ࠭.    ⥬  ६   ᫥
         ᪫:

                        0...2 - 梥 INK ( 0  7)
                        3...5 - 梥 PAPER ( 0  7)
                        6 -  BRIGHT (0  1)
                        7 -  FLASH (0  1)

              ,  ॡ  ⠭ 㦭 権 梥 -
          ᫠    ⥬ ६ ᫮, ।塞  
         㫥:


+                                    - 62 -

                       128*F + 64*B + 8*P + I, :

              - F -  FLASH;
              - B -  BRIGHT;
              - P -  梥 PAPER;
              - I -  梥 INK.

              ᫨   ,  ⮡ - 梥⮢ ਡ  뫨
